Terms & Definitions
Another word for "moral compass"
Subconscious
People make moral decisions based on avoiding punishment or seeking rewards.
What is the pre-conventional level?
Intensity, Duration, Certainty, Propinquity, Fecundity, Purity and Extent
What are the 7 factors of Utilitarianism?
The process of choosing between two options that both have moral consequences.
What is an ethical dilemma?
This ethical principle encourages us to act in ways that promote the well-being of others
Personal morals
The highest level of Kohlberg’s theory, people make moral choices based on universal ethical principles rather than rules or laws.
What is the post-conventional level?
Extent
What is the actual number of individuals being affected by the decision?
Ethical theory that judges based on rules, or duties; not consequences.
What is Deontology?
Behavior that aligns with accepted standards of good conduct in society or professions
What are cultural values?
Avoid Punishment and Fear of Punishment & Egoist (putting self first)
What are the two stages of pre-conventional moral development?
Purity
What is the point at which pleasure does not cause pain?
A form of ethical reasoning based on personal beliefs & values and shouldn't be judged against the standards of another's.
What is Culture Relativism?
The range to which the pleasure will produce more pleasure.
What is Fecundity?
Morality characterized by looking to others for moral guidance and affirmation—wanting to earn the approval of others.
What is conventional moral development?
18th and 19th century; John Stuart Mill and Jeremy Bentham
Who were the two earliest English philosophers that followed Utilitarianism?
Understanding and caring about how someone else feels shows this moral trait.
What is empathy?
When a decision benefits one person but harms another, it raises this kind of question.
What is an ethical question?
Fewer than 10% of American adults reach the post-conventional moral reasoning stage (Boss, 2012).
What is the reason most people will produce very simple solutions to problems and then wonder why they do not work?
People are not always well informed or concerned about the entire community.
What is a reason utilitarians may not always agree with a group consensus?
Actions are judged by these — the results they produce
What are consequences?