Dehumanization and Whiteness
According to Paulo Freire, what does it mean when people are treated as “less-than-human”?
What is dehumanization?
Because they had met resistance from native populations, English settlers looked to this group of people as a potential labor source.
Who are enslaved Africans?
Whiteness was created by comparing Europeans to this group.
Who are non-Europeans (people of color)?
In colonial America, the group of people from this continent were specifically targeted by discriminatory laws for lifelong servitude.
What is Africa?
According to the reading, European settlers colonizing the Americas dehumanized which two groups?
Who are Native Americans and Africans?
By the 1920s, groups like Celts, Slavs, and Hebrews were all included into this one category.
What is whiteness?
Labeling non-Europeans as backward or childlike to justify domination is called this.
What is infantilization?
The system that forced Black people into lifelong unpaid labor was called this.
What is chattel slavery?
The European construction of identity based on skin color that enables privilege and power is called what?
What is whiteness?
Europeans created a construct of race to justify these two systems.
What is slavery and colonization?
This is the process in which racial identity is created and experienced.
What is racial formation?
Early colonial laws allowed white settlers to take land and harm this group.
Who are Native Americans?
The system that maintains whiteness through laws, beliefs, and practices is called what?
What is white supremacy?
A system where people—typically the poor or those in debt—contractually agree to work for a certain number of years in exchange for passage to a new land or other benefits, such as room, board, or an apprenticeship.
What is indentured servitude?
Something identified as racial, whether having direct association to a racial group, whether true or not or even something like having a motive to designate something racially.
What is a racial project?
The period after the Civil War, when some legal gains for Black Americans were quickly reversed, is known as this.
What is Reconstruction?
This author describes dehumanization as when people are considered less-than-human and that their status as humans is different than what it should be.
Who is Paulo Freire?
This 1790 U.S. law said only “free white persons” could become citizens.
What is the Naturalization Act?
The U.S. annexation of territories like Hawaii, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines, justified by portraying them as uncivilized and in need of guidance, demonstrates this practice of domination.
What is imperialism/colonization?
These three amendments, ratified after the Civil War, were meant to abolish slavery, grant citizenship, and protect voting rights for Black Americans.
What are the 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments?