Landscape
What makes North America's landscape unique from the variety of housing, farms, villages, and cities? How is it different from other countries?
Differences in climate, topography, and resources within the singular country
What made up and still makes up the "ethnics" within America today? (specific from the reading)
People who departed from standard (Anglo-American tradition) culture and immigrants who moved after the Civil War
In the reading, what was said to be expected in the tradition of building American ethnic buildings?
The Russian's had an exploratory voyage to NW North America in 1741. All their buildings built were temporary and were made out of what material?
Driftwood. Only source of timber
This is cultural, not genetic. It consists of ideas that people learn from one another, and these ideas can be expressed or not according to individual choice.
Ethnicity
Are agricultural systems just as easy to identify as ethnic buildings? How so?
Yes - "Farming by nature is localized" / Certain crops grow in specific areas with specific climate patterns / Farm buildings are constructed to fit their particular customs of the specific farm / Immigrants sought soil similar to their homeland's
Ethnicity is defined as shared cultural patterns that unite one group and distinguish it from others. It is an expression of common experience based on what?
Race, nation, language, religion, or a combination of all these
What two things were critical to regions to make their buildings unique from others?
Environment and resources
Details of ______ chimneys of log houses represent the continuity of an Irish skill.
Stone
What are the 3 sections created by "America's Architectural Roots" and what did they base the sections on?
1. Native Americans and Native Hawaiians
2. Immigrated groups preceding the Am Revolution
3. Post-Revolution immigration
Periods of immigration
Where were fully-fledged Russian colonial settlements usually located?
Atop promontories
Based on the reading, in the 18th century ____, ____, and ____ were combined to build America.
The Irish, English, and Germans
In the reading traditional Russian log construction was described... so describe it.
"A frame of logs laid horizontally on a rectangular or polygonal plan and secured at the corners through interlocking ends."
This material used for building originated in southcentral Europe several thousand years ago.
Log
The second phase of Russian settlement in 1799 founded ____ ____ ____ that monopolized Russian settlement and trade in America.
Russian-American Company
The Irish immigrants of the early 18th century are usually called Scotch-Irish. Many were descendants of the Scots planted in Ulster in the 17th century, although they were a diverse population of farming people, largely Protestant, who left northern Ireland to claim the vast _______ frontier as their domain in the U.S.
Appalachian
Who are the people who adopted ethnicity voluntarily and who consisted of many national backgrounds who voluntarily adopted a new religious doctrine and based a distinctive way of life on it in their Great Basin homeland?
The Mormons
Where did the linear farm originate? In early days the house and cow barn were part of a single, long building, which later broke apart to create a neat linear arrangement of separate shelters for people and animals.
Ireland
Irish houses were usually this color.
White
The ______ crop failure of 1846-47 swept away a quarter of Ireland's population. They died on the roadside. They filled the ships to America and pioneered the urban frontier, filling the row houses of eastern cities and shaping political structures in the factories, taprooms and ethnic clubhouses that would be adopted by later immigrants from southern and eastern Europe.
Potato
Name a couple causes that sent millions out of Ireland across a dreadful ocean.
The rackrenting landlord, eviction, famine, political struggle, the wish for religious freedom, and the need for land and labor.
These people came from a variety of locales and cultures, but in America they were treated as a single, separate group and developed common responses to widely shared living conditions.
Africans
Invented traditions are often evident in these specific buildings. They are favorite settings for maintaining ethnic bonds and are architecturally reminiscent of their homelands.
Religious Buildings
What is John Wayne's last name?
Gacy
Immigrants left their homes because they could no longer make a living. Why else did they leave?
They were enticed by opportunities, and some found the political or religious atmosphere in their home country oppressive.