People
Co-founder of the NFWA with César Chávez, her strategic contributions to the Delano Grape Strike were long overshadowed by Chávez's fame but are now recognized as equally foundational.
Dolores Huerta
This group was blocked by the National Guard from entering Central Highschool until President Eisenhower deployed federal troops to enforce desegregation.
Little Rock Nine
This legal doctrine, upheld in Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) and struck down in Brown v. Board of Education (1954), allowed racial segregation in public facilities as long as accommodations were nominally equivalent.
"Separate but Equal"
This treaty ended the Mexican-American War and promised citizenship rights to those living in ceded territories.
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
A 15-year-old student who refused to give up her seat on a Montgomery bus nine months before Rosa Parks, her case was an early catalyst for the boycott though community leaders chose not to center it publicly.
Claudette Colvin
A bilateral 1942–1964 agreement between the U.S. and Mexico that brought approximately 4.6 million Mexican workers to U.S. farms as temporary contract laborers, running simultaneously with mass deportation campaigns.
The Bracero Program
A time during the 1800s-early 1900s that framed Asian migrants as threatening to Western civilization and was used to justify exclusion laws.
The Yellow Peril
The first law to ban immigration based on race.
The Chinese Exclusion Act
It is because of this person's case that we have birthright citizenship.
Wong Kim Ark
This covert 1964–1973 U.S. military operation dropped over 2 million bombs on a nation declared neutral by international agreement, making it the most heavily bombed country per capita in history.
U.S. Secret War in Laos
What are the 3 Pillars of White Supremacy?
Settler colonialism/Genocide; War/Orientalism; Labor Exploitation
Signed by President FDR in February 1942 following the attack on Pearl Harbor, this executive order enabled the forced removal and incarceration of approximately 120,000 people of Japanese ancestry.
Executive Order 9066 (1942)