Etiologies of Hypercalcemia

Malignancies

100

This paraneoplastic syndrome is associated with increased production of PTHrP

Hypercalcemia of Malignancy

200

This cancer, sometimes found in the lung, is strongly associated with hypercalcemia of malignancy

Squamous cell carcinoma

300

This hemotologic cancer is a common cause of hypercalcemia due to osteolytic lesions

Multiple myeloma

400

This class of cancer is known for causing hypercalcemia through excess production of calcitriol

Lymphoma

Medications

100

This vitamin, when taken in excess, can cause hypercalcemia

Vitamin D

200

This medication class, often used for hypertension, can lead to hypercalcemia

Thiazide Diuretic

300

This psychiatric medication is a common cause of hypercalcemia

Lithium

(increases the calcium set-point for the inhibition of PTH secretion)

400

Abrupt withdrawal of this RANKL inhibitor can cause hypercalcemia

Denosumab

Misc

100

This condition can cause hypercalcemia through extrarenal production of calcitriol

Sarcoidosis

(macrophages have increased activity of 1a-hydroxylase)

200

Infection with this organism, characterized by caseating granulomas, is associated with hypercalcemia

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

300

This syndrome, characterized by adrenal insufficiency, can cause hypercalcemia

Addison's disease

(glucocorticoids normally inhibit bone resorption and promote renal calcium excretion)

400

This syndrome, caused by excessive intake of calcium and absorbable alkali, can lead to hypercalcemia

Milk-alkali syndrome