Transcription
What is the role of basal factors?
They bind to the promoter of the gene.
What is a barr body?
This explains the inactivated X chromosome in a diploid female.
What form of chromatin is transcriptionally active?
euchromatin
what do the acronyms ssRNA and dsRNA stand for?
single-stranded RNA and double-stranded RNA
How does RNA polymerase II prepare for transcription?
It binds to basal factors
What are imprinted genes?
These are genes whose expression is dependent on the genre of the parent that passed the allele to the offspring
How do transcription factors help regulate gene expression?
what are siRNA's a defense mechanism against?
they help fight against viral genes or transposons.
What does TBP bind to?
TATA box
How does X chromosome inactivation occur?
The X chromosome is coated in RNA
How does alternative splicing affect gene regulation?
It could bring together a start and stop codon of a normally functioning gene to inhibit the production of a functional protein
How can one RNA molecule regulate the translation of another RNA molecule?
the RNA molecule can bind to an mRNA molecule that was just transcribed the inhibit the binding of the ribosome.
What are the basal factors TAF?
these are the TBP associated factors.
Methylation of cytosines and deacetylation of histones
Describe why methylation can silence genes?
It blocks the binding of proteins involved in transcription
What is the role of miRNAs?
they are trans-acting gene regulators, they act through RNA interference and degrade the mRNA it is regulating.
What does the combination of activator and enhancer proteins do to the rate of transcription?
It increases transcriptional levels
What trait must an activator protein have to allow for its function?
it must be a dimer
how does mRNA editing play a role in gene regulation?
What does the RISC protein do in the miRNA RNA interference mechanism?
they turn miRNA into ssRNA and they target its complementary mRNA