Social
The economic system that held sway in large parts of Europe prior to 1400
What was feudalism?
The influx of silver from these continents caused an economic crisis in Europe that led to the growth of capitalism
What are the Americas?
This movement led to a "rebirth" of culture in Europe
What was the Renaissance?
German monk who sparked Protestant Reformation by posting 95 theses in 1517
Who was Martin Luther?
These practices, fueled by religious and social anxieties, resulted in thousands of deaths, mainly of women, over the 16th and 17th centuries
What were witch hunts?
This Italian city was very powerful as a "merchant republic", although it was dominated by powerful families
What is Venice?
This device led to a massive increase in literacy in Europe, and contributed to the Protestant Reformation
What is the printing press?
The backlash to this institution of the Catholic Church caused the Protestant Reformation
What were indulgences?
These locations began to become much more important in Europe as a result of the early development of capitalism
What are cities?
This European country established a colony in Southern Africa in 1575
What is Portugal?
These crops arriving in Europe from the Americas massively changed European diets
What are corn/maize and potatoes? (other crops from Americas also acceptable but these are the big ones)
This order was established as part of the Counter-Reformation and focuses on education to this day
Who are the Jesuits?
This ideology experienced growth in Europe between 1400 and 1700
What is absolutism?
These traders controlled European access to the Indian Ocean and the rest of the "East" prior to the 1400s
Who are Muslim merchants?
The importation/invention of this mixture caused a huge shift in European warfare
What is gunpowder?
This doctrine was core to Protestant belief and was a large break with previous Catholic theology
What is salvation by faith alone/sola fide?
This process resulted in the privatization of common areas in England and both was caused partially by and contributed to the development of capitalism
What was enclosure?
This private company had a near-monopoly on European trade in the Indian Ocean, as well as a massive private merchant fleet and army
What was the Dutch East India Company?
This series of events marked the emergence of a process which emphasized hypothesis testing, experimentation, and observation
What was the Scientific Revolution?
This war, which had devastating consequences in Central Europe, laid the foundation for the modern nation-state system and was fought largely along religious lines
What was the Thirty Years' War?