Church Power
The pope ruled over this region as a political leader.
What is Papal States?
A piece of land that could be granted by a king to a trusted official.
What is a fief?
Who is Charlemagne?
This pope launched a 200 year series of wars in the name of God.
Who was Pope Urban II?
The church stated that the goal of the Crusades was to retake this from its Muslim rulers.
What is the Holy Land/Jerusalem?
People in the middle ages believed that order to get into heaven, they needed to receive these from the church:
What are sacraments?
The ceremony where a vassal pledges loyalty and service to a lord.
What is investiture?
Farmers that were legally tied to the land and had few freedoms.
This economic impact was one of the most important to result from the Crusades.
According to the "Starry Night Begins" reading, these provided hope for Europeans during a difficult time.
What are monasteries?
The church exercised political power by administering justice in the middle ages known as this:
The feudal system became complicated when vassals pledged this to more than one lord.
What is fealty?
Early medieval warlord who represented the "paradox" of the middle ages by using violence even after converting to Christianity.
Who is Clovis?
Towns formed throughout Europe during the High Middle Ages as a result of the Crusades and this development:
What is new agricultural advancements?
Why might people of all social classes have wanted to participate in the Crusades?
What is remission/forgiveness of sins?
In medieval Europe, these places were the keepers of education and devout religious institutions.
What are monasteries?
Since trade was not widespread, medieval manors had to be ___________ .
What is self-sufficient?
A general term for all church officials.
What is clergy?
In the late middle ages, this social group developed as towns began to form and goods were exhanged more frequently.
Who are merchants?
The division of Christians into two groups is known as:
What is The Great Schism of 1054?
Word to describe community of Christians that followed church laws and teachings.
What is Christendom?
In addition to many feudal taxes that peasants owed, they also had to pay taxes to the church known as:
What are tithes?
Pagan pirates that swiftly plundered European targets for wealth and adventure.
Who are the Vikings?
The devastation of the Black Plague caused many people to change their perspective on this reliable authority in Europe.
What is the Catholic Church?
Arguably one of the most powerful tools of the pope's power was the ability to do this to heretics (non believers/sinners).
What is the power to excommunicate?