These were the people that worked the land on the manor.
Who were the serfs?
100
Military Effectiveness
What was the main element of the rise of the Carolingian Empire?
100
This is created by leather tanning and human waste.
What is pollution?
100
A formal split within a religious community.
What is a Schism?
100
This is a product of raw wool that is turned into fine cloth and then dyed.
What are textiles?
200
This was the system that got adopted after the imperial structure fell out of favor. It is based on land grants given for military service.
What is feudalism?
200
This was the person who asked Pope Urban II for help to fight off Muslim armies.
Who was Alexius/ Alexius Comemnus?
200
This is what happened when industries such as iron working needed a large amount of fuel.
What is deforestation?
200
This refers to those who lived disciplined, religious lives in seclusion from others.
What is monks/monasticism/nuns?
200
The Fuggers and the Medici families were part of this new economic group that came to be after the rise in economy.
Who were the bankers?
300
These were the armed forces that protected manors.
What are vassals?
300
This was the conflict between the church and the kings, with both sides claiming to have the authority over the bishops.
What is the investiture controversy?
300
This was where a fatal disease, called the Black Death, originally came from.
What is Central Asia?
300
This was a center of discipline for monks and nuns, founded by William the Pious.
What was Cluny?
300
A city that exceeded its European rivals with trade. It caused the sack of Constantinople.
What is Venice?
400
This was how vassals settled contracts with nobles.
What was their word/vow/swear/promise?
400
The manorial system is the system where nobles owned land and the serfs worked on the land usually because of obligations or for protection.
Explain the Manorial System.
400
This was the resource used for making many weapons, tools and armor.
What is iron?
400
The Gothic Cathedral is an example, and they have arches with points, large stained-glass windows, and tall vaults. Originated in France.
What is Gothic Architecture and what is an example of one?
400
Regional markets where manufactured goods and currency were exchanged.
What is Champagne/Trade fairs?
500
The pope was ahead of the papacy. The pope compared to the king had about the same amount of the power but still not more. He was in charge of everything that dealt with the religion.
Describe what the pope was ahead of and how powerful was he was compared to the king during the time of the Holy Roman Empire.
500
This was the family in charge of much of Western Europe. Their kingdom got split into 3 parts due to having multiple heirs.
Elaborate on who the Carolingians were.
500
The Vikings attacked inland cities by using rivers and when they attacked the coast they used the sea. Vikings are sea raiders.
Explain who the vikings are and how did they use the environment to attack Western Europe?
500
It played an important role in their religious lifestyle. It was Christians seeking to gain spiritual redemption or to pay their duties to the religion. Most pilgrimages became part of the crusades and fought in war.
Explain what a pilgrimage was and how it played a role in the European lifestyle?
500
This was a loose federation of trade cities and it was the economic and defensive alliance of the free towns in Germany.