Middle Ages & Feudalism
The institution that dominated European society during the Middle Ages. They provided legitimacy to the ruling monarch.
Catholic Church
A cultural movement in which European artists, scientists, and scholars were inspired by classical achievements
The Renaissance
Belief that one's authority to rule comes directly from God
Divine Right Theory
This process is used to examine the natural world
Scientific method
A period of time (mid-1600s to the late 1700s) in Western Europe when philosophers and writers applied the scientific idea of reason to answer political questions.
The Enlightenment
A series of holy wars that eventually led to the growth of trade between Europe and the Middle East
The Crusades
Identify one reason that Louis XIV built the Palace at Versailles.
To show off the power and wealth of the French monarchy; to gather the nobles in one location to keep an eye on them
Scientist credited with observing and identifying the theory of gravity
Sir Issac Newton
An English Enlightenment thinker who wrote "Two Treatises of Government" and believed that the role of government is to protect people’s natural rights (life, liberty, and property), and that government can only get its right to rule from the consent of the governed.
John Locke
a decentralized system of power where kings exchange land for loyalty.
What is feudalism
Author of the 95 Theses and the person responsible for the Protestant Reformation
Martin Luther
A king or queen whose ideas and actions were influenced by the Enlightenment thinkers
Enlightened despot
The theory that the sun is at the center of the solar system
Heliocentric theory
A French Enlightenment thinker who wrote about the social contract between government and citizen.
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
This group was economically-tied to the land with little to no opportunities for upward advancement. They were the peasants of society.
Serfs
This invention singlehandedly led to the spread of information and ideas. It is responsible for the proliferation of Christian denominations, Bible literacy, and questioning of church dotrine.
The Gutenberg printing press
Why did Louis XIV force his nobles to spend part of the year at Versailles?
To control the nobility by keeping an eye on them
Scientist who proved Copernicus right and was charged by the Church of heresy.
Galileo Galilei
A French Enlightenment thinker who wrote "The Spirit of Laws" and believed that to keep one person or group from gaining too much power a government should be separated into three branches: judicial, legislative, and executive.
Baron de Montesquieu
This group was given land by the king to manage. They achieved vast wealth off the labor of serfs.
Lords or nobles
Impact of the Protestant Reformation
Bible printed in common languages; many Protestant denominations of Christianity were formed; church power decreases, monarch power threatened
Why was the Scientific Revolution considered dangerous to the Catholic Church and Absolute monarchs?
It used reason and logic to challenge ideas presented by the church and monarchs
French Enlightenment thinker that supported the freedom of expression
Voltaire