Why Exploration?
What were the four key factors that caused the age of Exploration?
Trade
Curiosity about the Far East
Desire for wealth and competition amongst nations
Scientific progress
Who was the Italian born explorer who sailed for Spain and was the first European to sail to the New World and create permanent contact?
Christopher Columbus
What is an epidemic? What is a pandemic?
An epidemic is a disease that has spread all around a community. A pandemic is when a disease affects lots of people in many communities--across countries and continents.
What did the Europeans trade for in Africa in the triangular trade?
They traded the manufactured goods for enslaved Africans at huge slave forts on the coast of West Africa, making a large profit.
The Aztec Empire was conquered in 1521. In what modern day country is the Aztec Empire located?
Mexico
As European exploration continued, what became the 3 reasons for exploration in North America?
God, Gold, and Glory
Who was the English navigator and explorer who wanted to find the Northwest passage?
Henry Hudson
What was the Northwest Passage?
An imagined route from Europe directly to Asia. It did not exist but explorers tried to find it for years.
How did traditional warfare among First Nations people change once Europeans settled in North America?
Now tribal warfare was backed by European allies and had more sophisticated and destructive weaponry.
What are some of the ways that we have been trying to prevent the spread of the coronavirus that were not used during the time of Columbus to stop the spread of diseases among Indigenous people of the Americas?
Quarantine
Social Distance
Washing Hands frequently
Wearing masks
Covering nose and mouth when coughing and sneezing
What was the primary reason for Spanish, French and English exploration in North America?
The main reason for exploration was for economic reasons. Many of the explorers were seeking riches such as gold.
Who invaded Mexico, went to war with the Aztecs, and lost?
Hernán Cortés
What was the age of Exploration?
The Age of Exploration started in the 1400s and lasted to the 1600s. It was a time in which the European nations began exploring the world. They discovered new routes to India and the Americas.
What is positive about Columbus’ legacy?
He landed in the Americas during his voyage and returned to Europe with knowledge about the Western Hemisphere.
How do historians know so much about the Aztecs?
Historians know so much about the Aztecs because of their own writings plus the accounts of them written by the Spanish conquerors who destroyed their civilization.
What does it mean to explore for the reason of “God?”
This describes the desire to spread religion to the new world.
Who was the Portuguese ruler who financed and organized exploration?
Henry the Navigator
What was the Columbian Exchange?
Simply put, the Columbian Exchange was when plants, animals, people, diseases, religion, and ideas were introduced to America from Europe. Plants, animals, people, ideas, and gold were brought back Europe from America.
What is negative about Columbus’ legacy?
His voyages led to the conquest of the Indigenous population and began 500 years of colonization of the Indigenous people in the Americas.
How were the Spanish able to conquer the Aztecs?
Cortes and his men took King Montezuma captive.
Cortes created alliances with some of the local tribes including the Totonac and the Tlaxcalans. The Tlaxcalans hated the Aztecs. They helped him attack the Aztecs.
The Aztecs were severely weakened by the diseases that the Spanish brought such as smallpox, influenza, and malaria.
Many Aztecs were killed during the war
What would be the advantages of trading with Asia by water instead of by going over land?
Travel on camels on the Silk Road was slow. Camels could only carry about 200 pounds. A sailing ship can carry thousands of times as much and was much faster.
Who was the first captain to circumnavigate the globe?
(circumnavigate = travel all around the circle)
Ferdinand Magellan
After Portugal complained that the Line of Demarcation was unfair, the Pope moved the line further west a year later. Portugal and Spain agreed to this in a treaty. What is the name of the treaty?
Treaty of Tordesillas
What are the main reasons that the Spanish and the Europeans were able to colonize the Indigenous people?
The Spanish and Europeans used armor, horses, and powerful weapons.
They teamed up with some Indigenous groups to fight against other Indigenous groups.
Diseases brought by Europeans killed millions of native people.
The Spanish and Europeans used brutal tactics and forced Indigenous people into enslavement looking for gold and other natural resources.
What is the name of the invisible line that the Pope drew through the Atlantic Ocean in 1493 to avoid conflict between Spain and Portugal as they continued to explore the new world?
The Line of Demarcation