Austria attempts to regain Silesia with the help of France and Russia. Britain sends funds to Prussia.
What is the Seven Years' War?
100
great advances in astronomy and scientific methodologies (Copernicus and heliocentric theory, Descartes and deductive reasoning).
What is the Science Revolution?
100
Wealth measured in commodities, increases power of government, favorable balance of trade important, colonies existed for mother country.
What is Mercantilism?
100
Daughter of Emperor Charles VI and the only female ruler of the Hapsburg dominions
Who is Maria Theresa?
100
Parliament institutes a Commonwealth governed by representatives to Parliament. The people, however, were not represented.
What is the Commonwealth?
200
Frederick the Great invades Silesia. England sides with the Hapsburgs against Prussia, Bavaria, France, and Spain. Prussia retains Silesia and emerges as great power.
What is the War of the Austrian Succession?
200
Secular view of the world; God created it then was no longer involved (Rationalists, Empiricists, The Philosophes)
What is the Age of Enlightenment?
200
Steam engine developed and improved, textile machines revolutionized industry (flying shuttle, spinning jenny).
What is industrial technology?
200
Takes throne after the death of his older brother. Recognizes personal liberties of Hungarians.
Who is Emperor Charles VI?
200
Inherits English and Scottish thrones, demands money from parliament then forces loans upon wealthier citizens. Imprisons those who refuse to loan king money. Both houses of parliament oppose king.
Who is Charles I?
300
Louis XIV claims Spanish Netherlands after death of Phillip IV. Triple alliance formed (England, Holland, Sweden).
What is the War of Devolution (First Dutch War)?
300
Associations of specialists conducting scientific research and persons with an interest in some branch of science besides their own.
What are Scientific Societies?
300
Growth of absentee landlords and commercial farms. All-metal plows come into widespread use.
What are Agricultural Changes?
300
Ruled with his mother for first 15 years, expanded state schools, granted religious tolerance.
Who is Joseph II?
300
Parliament invites William and Mary of Holland to assume the English throne. They do so, James starts to advance on them, then flees to France. William summons free parliament. The English Bill of Rights was passed as well as several acts providing limited religious freedom.
What is the Glorious Revolution?
400
Spain cedes part of Spanish Netherlands to France. Louis XIV of France marries daughter of Phillip IV of Spain.
What is the Treaty of Pyrenees?
400
Diverse and disparate groups who opposed Enlightenment
What is the "Counter-Enlightenment"?
400
Subsistence farming the norm, contagious diseases decimate towns
What are Traditional Economic Conditions?
400
Consists of remnants of Holy Roman Empire, no single constitutional system for all parts.
What is the government of the Austrian Empire?
400
Cavalier Parliament attempts to drive Puritans out. Several acts passed with severe penalties for not following codes set up by Anglican church.
What is the Clarendon Code?
500
France battles Holland and England on Rhine, in Low Countries, and in Italy.
What is the War of the League of Augsburg?
500
Made important observations of the heavens that swept away age-old myths of the changing sky
Who is Tycho Brahe?
500
Canal lock invented and all-weather roads constructed
What are Improvements in Transportation?
500
Patron of arts, devout Catholic, drove Turkish army from Russia
Who is Emperor Leopold I?
500
When elections were not held, Cromwell took troops to Parliament and dissolved it. New elections were held and Cromwell became Lord Protector. With Cromwell's death, new Parliament elected under old systems.