The Renaissance
What does "Renaissance" mean?
Rebirth
Which Spanish monarchs were responsible for bringing about the Spanish Inquisition?
King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella
What did Martin Luther hammer to the door at the church in Wittenberg, Germany?
The 95 Theses
When did Columbus "discover" America?
1492
What groups belonged to the first, second, and third estates?
First estate- Clergy/ Church officials
Second estate- The nobility
Third estate- Everyone else
What city-state was the center of the Renaissance? AND which family ruled that city-state throughout the Renaissance?
Florence, Italy and the Medici Family
Define "conversos".
People who had converted from Judaism to Christianity due to fear of expulsion or persecution before the Spanish Inquisition
What were "indulgences"?
In the early 1500s, Church leaders began selling indulgences, meaning people gave money to the Church in exchange for having their sins forgiven. Some Catholics felt that selling indulgences was like letting people pay their way into heaven.
What is the name of the island where Columbus and his men explored (containing modern Haiti and Dominican Republic)?
Hispaniola
What does it mean that King Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette ruled through "Divine Right" and "Absolute Monarchy"?
The king ruled through Divine Right, the belief that God directly grants him the French throne. Absolute Monarchy meant kings and queens had no limits on their power.
Who argued in The Prince that it is better for leaders to be feared than loved, and the ends justify the means?
Machiavelli
What is the "blood libel"?
The antisemitic trope that Jews murder Christian children and use their blood for rituals.
What was the name of the war fought in Germany between Protestant and Catholic states?
The Thirty Years War
Which Enlightenment philosophers wrote about...
A) Natural Rights
B) The Social Contract
C) Three Branches of Government
A) John Locke
B) Jean Jacques Rousseau
C) Baron de Montesquieu
What event caused the formation of the National Assembly at a Tennis Court?
Name three famous pieces of art or literature created during the Renaissance and name the artist or author who made each piece.
Answers will vary
Describe what might happen once the Inquisition came to a town.
Once the Inquisition came to town, people had 30-days to confess voluntarily and receive light sentences like a small fine. However, a confessor had to agree to spy on his friends and relatives, and if he did not produce evidence, he would be under suspicion as a heretic was tortured. They could even receive the death penalty.
What were the different religious beliefs of Queen Mary I (Bloody Mary) and Queen Elizabeth I?
Queen Mary was a staunch Catholic who persecuted Protestants and Elizabeth returned England to Anglicanism
Who were the native people who welcomed Columbus and his men when they arrived in the Carribean?
Taino
What did Paris mob "storm" on July 14, 1789 as a symbol of royal misuse of power and to access the weapons stored there?
The Bastille
What was the Renaissance philosophy of focusing on solutions to the problems and concerns of the living rather than focusing on the afterlife? AND Who is considered the founding "father" of this philosophy?
Humanism; Petrarch
What was an Auto da Fé?
Extra 100 points- What does Auto da Fé mean in Portuguese?
Sentencing of confessed heretics was done in a public event called the Auto-da-Fe. Heretics would be burned at the stake.
"Act of Faith"
Who declared that the king of England was the head of the Anglican Church?
King Henry VIII
What were 3 goals of European explorers during the Age of Exploration?
1. God- Convert people to Christianity
2. Gold- Find gold and other valuable natural resources
3. Glory- Claim land for monarchs
Napoleonic Code and Conquering most of Continental Europe
Match:
1. Focus on Daily Life and Religion
2. Focus on Humanism and Ancient Greece/ Rome
A) Italian Renaissance
B) Northern Renaissance
1. B
2. A
Who was Tomás de Torquemada?
The Grand Inquisitor who led many trials and convinced Ferdinand and Isabella to expel the Jews from Spain
For what main reason was the Thirty Years War (1618-1648) fought in central Europe?
Many Protestant German states rebelled against the Catholic Holy Roman Emperor, Ferdinand II
Which Enlightenment thinker believed that people were naturally aggressive and selfish and needed a strong ruler?
Thomas Hobbes
What was the Declaration of the Rights of Man?
The National Assembly's Constitution that listed a series of rights that were given to all French citizens. It stated that all men were equal.