European State Consolidation and the Age of Religious Wars

Netherlands

100

This leader led the Netherlands against the Spanish in the Dutch Revolt.

William of Orange

200

The Netherlands served as a refuge for these people.

Jewish People

300

This Netherlands organization connected the economy of the Netherlands to southeast Asia.

Dutch East India Company

400

The Netherlands, for the most part, had this form of government.

Republic (i.e. Dutch Republic)

500

This religious group dominated the Netherlands

Calvinist or Reformed

600

This group led raids and pirated Spanish ships during the Dutch revolt

sea baggers

700

The Netherlands received support from this country in the Dutch revolt against the Spanish

England

800

United Northern and Southern Netherlands against Spanish mercenaries

Pacification of Ghent

900

Period of the Netherlands being economically and politically prosperous, late 1500s till late 1600s

Dutch Golden Age

France

100

The French government developed into this form of government in the latter half of the 17th/early 18th century

Absolute monarchy

200

Also known as the Sun King

Louis XIV

300

This was Louis XIII advisor who helped move against the Huguenots and weaken the power of the French nobility

Cardinal Richelieu

400

This huge palace was constructed by Louis XIV to house thousands of important nobles, royal officials, and servants. 

Palace of Versailles

500

Louis XIV believed he ruled by this, meaning he ruled by God's establishing him as monarch.

Divine Right or Divine Right of Kings

600

In the Galligan Liberties, France grew in independence from this institution

Church from the Vatican in Rome

700

A rebellion of the French nobles against the rule of Cardinal Mazarin

The Fronde

800

One of Louis XIV most famous sayings

"I am the State"

900

Group of French Protestants

Huguenots

1000

This Roman Catholic group opposed the teachings of the Jesuits, but was also similar to Calvinism

Jansenists 

HRE (Germany)

100

This became the center of Calvinism within the Holy Roman Empire

Heidelberg

200

This event pictured below initiated the Thirty Years War the Thirty Years War

Defenestration of Prague

300

This region was heavily Calvinist in the Holy Roman Empire

Palatinate

400

Maximilian, duke of Bavaria formed this to counter the Calvinist regions in the HRE

Catholic League

500

As a result of this, the Netherlands gained independence from Spain, Sweden gained control of the Baltic, and France was acknowledged as the preeminent western power

Treaty of Westphalia 

600

The nobility within Prussia

Junkers

700

The Holy Roman Empire contains these three major religious groups

Lutheran, Calvinist, Catholic

800

The bloodiest of the religious wars of the 17th century

Thirty Years War

Spain

100

Spain relied on riches from this region to bolster its supremacy

New World

200

This was a Spanish sack of the city of Antwerp in which thousands of people were killed 

Spanish Fury (1576)

300

Spain is predominately this religion

Roman Catholic

400

Spanish King who wished to subdue the Netherlands under his control

Phillip II

500

Fleet of Spanish ships intended to overthrow and conquer Protestant England

Spanish Armada (1588)

600

This was was fought as the result of the death of Charles II, the last of the Spanish Habsburgs, to determine whether would go to the House of Bourbon or the House of Habsburg

War of the Spanish Succession

700

Signed in response to the massacre of people at Antwerp, united Northern Protestant provinces and southern Roman Catholic provinces against Spain

Pacification of Ghent

800

Largest naval battle between Spain and the Holy League against the Ottoman Empire. Ottoman defeat 

Battle of Lepanto (1571)

England

100

England developed into this form of government in the latter half of the 17th/early 18th century

Parliamentary monarchy

200

This English King maintained the Anglican episcopacy, causing some Puritans to leave for the New World. He also made peace with Spain and relaxed penal laws against Catholics, causing some to doubt his commitment to Protestantism. 

James I

300

These are created new custom duties created by James I in order to raise money without Parliaments approval. 

 Impositions

400

This group did not believe in many elements of the Anglican church, and wanted to get rid of many practices related to Roman Catholicism. For example, they believed in ridding the wearing of priestly garments. 

The Puritans

500

This Parliamentary order required that the King Charles I could not levy taxes, quarter troops, or imprison someone without cause without the approval of Parliament 

Petition of Right

600

This English King had an on and off relationship with Parliament, calling it when he needed it for funds for war against Scotland (Short Parliament), then disbanding it, then calling it again once the English were defeated at the Battle of Newburn against the Scottish

Charles I (Son of James I) 

700

In the English Civil War, this group supported the King and his army, while this group supported Parliament and its' army. 

Cavaliers and Roundheads (created by the Militia Ordinance passed in the House of Commons.)

800

This person abolished the monarchy, the House of Lords, and the Anglican Church after leading his army to victory against the Cavaliers. 

Oliver Cromwell

900

These two ascend to power following the Glorious Revolution

William and Mary

1000

Charles II passed this law suspending all laws against Catholics and non-Anglican Protestants

Declaration of Indulgence

Russia

100

Russia borders this state to the East, which it often came into conflict with. 

Poland and Lithuania 

200

This person was the first tsar of Russia, who reconquered land from the Tatars

Ivan the Terrible

300

This was Russia's on seaport at one time, on the White Sea in the North

Arkhangelsk 

400

A period of famine, plague, and fighting against the foreign powers in Russia. The population declined by 1/3

Time of Troubles

500

This ruling family ruled Russia for 300 years

The Romanovs

600

This Russian leader transformed 80% of the peasants in Russia into serfs (slaves)

Aleksei

700

Russia gained the areas in red from which country?

Kingdom of Sweden

800

The war between Russia and Sweden 

The Great Northern War

900

This city established by Russia's most beloved ruler established Russia as a main power in the Baltic region.

St. Petersburg (1712)

1000

This intended to draw the nobles in Russia into military service.

Table of Ranks

Central and Eastern Europe

100

The Habsburg dynasty began to rule outside Germany in this country in the 17th and 18th centuries

Austria

200

This ruling family became prominent within Prussia, a state that formed in the northwestern HRE. 

Hohenzollerns

300

This ruler united Prussia under one central ruling authority, created a modern state, built an army and a bureaucracy. 

Frederick William

400

First King of Prussia, grew the army

Frederick I

500

This country lacked any central authority, and never really grew to prominence in the 17th and 18th centuries

Poland

600

This civilization conquered the Byzantine city of Constantinople in 1453

Ottoman Empire

700

This ruling family dominated Austria for hundreds of years

Habsburgs