The Renaissance
(Classics, Art)
(Classics, Art)
The Renaissance was a period of 'rebirth' for interest in __________________ art (Greek and Roman) and culture.
classical
What do you call someone who opposes the teachings of the church, committing heresy?
HERETIC!
When there is inflation in the economy, there is a _________ in prices of goods.
rise, increase
What is the difference between geocentric and heliocentric theories?
Geocentric - revolves around the Earth
Heliocentric - revolves around the Sun
What does it mean to have religious tolerance in a community?
Anyone can freely practice whatever religion they believe.
Which artist created the sculpture 'David'?
Michelangelo
Name an example denomination of Christianity. (What branches did it split into?)
Protestant is the main one.
Lutheran, Anglican, Calvinism are a few others.
What is the science and art of mapmaking called?
Cartography
If someone believes in rationalism as the primary path to knowledge, what is their thinking based on?
Reason and logic, observations
Baron de Montesquieu inspired the US's current structure of the government to have the Executive, Legislative, and Judicial branches. He called this a ____________ of powers and it is important because _________________________.
separation of powers
so that not one person holds absolute power and may abuse it. evenly divided is better
Art during the Renaissance moved away from religious subjects with more focus on nature and day to day life. Which word can be used to describe this non-religious art?
secular
What was Martin Luther's 95 Thesis?
A list of complaints for the church and how corrupt/abusive they were!
Which explorer conquered the Aztec Empire and claimed Mexico? What country is he from?
Hernan Cortes, from Spain
Who was the English scientist that named the law of gravity?
Isaac Newton
What is a constitutional monarchy? Which philosopher was a proponent of this type of government, and also believed in having a social contract that protects natural rights?
Constitutional Monarchy is when a monarch's power is limited by a basic set of laws.
John Locke
What were two important beliefs during the Renaissance? Describe them (the '-isms').
Humanism: balance religious faith with an emphasis on individual dignity; values nature and human society
Individualism: the belief in the importance of an individual’s achievements and dignity
What did the church sell to people that supposedly cleared their sins and gave them entry into heaven? Spell it.
They sold indulgences.
The expansion of the Europeans meant the colonization of many indigenous groups of people. Describe the (devastating) results of such colonization.
Spread of diseases, killing populations
Forced labor (slavery)
Name two scientists during this time and their contributions to the field. (Inventions, discoveries, theories, etc.)
Galileo Galilei - telescope, heliocentric theory
Isaac Newton - physics laws, gravity
Francis Bacon - Scientific Method
Robert Hooke - microscope and cells
Andreas Vesalius - human anatomy, biology
What did the philosopher/writer Voltaire champion that has inspired our Bill of Rights?
Freedom of speech, freedom of religion!
Describe three changes in Europe that led to the growth of the Renaissance.
- crusaders brought back goods and ideas
- Muslim scholars brought texts, monks copied manuscripts that preserved old texts
- increase in trade and commerce made the cities very rich (more time to support the arts)
- Italian city-states were very prosperous due to their geography
Describe three effects of the Reformation.
- Christianity split into many denominations (branches)
- Increased number of missionaries to preach and spread Christianity around the world
- The Counter-Reformation came to exist that made more rules and corrected church abuses
- Still an increase in violence towards different groups
- A rise in nationalism since they could split into state religions
What motivated Europeans to explore? Give three reasons.
- to find new trade routes
- get spices from Asia
- trade on land going East was too expensive and controlled by Muslims and Italians
- to spread religion
- for fame, glory, knowledge, adventure!
- had lots of improved technologies (ships, navigational tools, weapons)
How was 'Renaissance' science different from 'Middle Ages' science? Give two comparisons.
Middle Ages -> rooted in the Bible and Aristotle's teachings
Renaissance -> everything was questioned, big belief in rationalism, observations, advanced in medicine, astronomy, math
What were the roots of the Enlightenment? Give three examples of ideas that influenced the new way of thinking.
- The Scientific Revolution's rationalism and observation
- Renaissance's belief in humanism
- Reformation's belief in individualism over church authority
- Classical culture and their ideas on government
- Christian values and beliefs about having good morals