A prokaryote is a unicelluar organism that lacks a nucleus.
A Eurkaryote is a organism whose cells contain a nuclus.
100
What does multiple alleles mean?
A gene that has more than 2 alleles.
100
FOIL the following genotype:BbGg
Bg / Bg / bG / bg
100
What is cell division?
The process by which a cell devides into two new daughter cells.
100
What is fertilization?
the process in which the male reproductive cells join with the female reproductive cells during sexual reproduction.
200
What is cell cycle and put them in order.
G1 phase(cell growth)
S phase (DNA replication)
G2 phase (Preparation for mitosis)
M phase (mitosis and cytokinesis)
200
What is a polygenic trait?
What is a single gene trait?
A polygenic trait is a trait controlled by 2 or more genes
A single gene trait is a trait controlled by one gene that has 2 alleles.
200
what is prophase 2?
Spindle fibers reform and attach to centromeres in prophase II.
200
what does prophase mean?
The first and longest phase of mitosis in which the genetic material inside the nucleus condenses and the chromosomes become visible.
200
What is a hybrid? and dihybrid?
A Hybrid is the offspring of two plants or animals of different species or varieties, such as a mule (a hybrid of a donkey and a horse
A dihybrid is a hybrid that is heterozygous for alleles of two different genes
300
What is the process of mitosis?
Prophase metaphase anaphase telophase
300
What are the definitions of the 3 laws Mendel created?
The principle of dominance states alleles are dominant and others are recessive.
Independent assortment states that genes for different traits can segregate independently during the formation of gametes
The law of segregation states during the production of gametes the two copies of each hereditary factor segregate so that offspring acquire one factor from each parent.
300
What is Metaphase 2?
The chromosomes align on the metaphase plate during metaphase II in preparation for centromeres to divide in the next phase.
300
What is Metaphase?
The second stage of cell division, between prophase and anaphase, during which the chromosomes become attached to the spindle fibers.
300
What is co-dominance vs incomplete dominance?
Co- dominance is when both alleles of a gene are equally expressed
Incomplete dominance is when both alleles of a gene are mixed (i.e red flower+ white flower=pink flower)
400
What are chromosomes?
Genetic information bundled into packages of Dna.
400
What is a gene?
A gene is a sequence of DNA codes for a protein and thus determines a trait; factor that is passed from parent to offspring.
400
What is Anaphase 2?
In anaphase II, chromosomes divide at the centromeres (like in mitosis) and the resulting chromosomes, each with one chromatid, move toward opposite poles of the cell.
400
What is anaphase?
Sister chromatids separate and move apart.
400
What is a pedigree?
A chart or "family tree" that tracks which members of a family have a particular trait.
500
What is a chromatid vs chromatin?
A chromatid is 1 of the 2 identical "sister" parts of a duplicated chromosome.
A chromatin is a substance found in eukaryotic chromosomes that consists of DNA tightly coiled around histoness
500
What is a two factor cross and a one factor cross?
A two factor cross involves two traits
One factor cross involves 1 trait
500
What is telophase 2 and cytokinesis?
A nuclear envelope forms around each set of chromosomes and cytokinesis occurs, producing four daughter cells, each with a haploid set of chromosomes.
500
What is telophase?
A nucleus forms around each set of chromosomes.
500
What is nondisjunction?
An error in meiosis in which the homologous chromosomes fail to separate properly.