Evidence Collecting
material presented to a court of law which helps determine the truth of a legal matter
What is Evidence?
very small pieces of evidence
What is Trace Evidence?
legal term which describes searching areas of criminal interest and seizing evidence
reasonable grounds to believe a crime is being committed or has been committed
What is probable cause?
describes the place which would be searched, what items will be searched and reason for the search
What is Affidavit?
evidence in document form
What is Documentary Evidence?
any fluid from within the body
What is Bodily Fluids?
right of freedom from unreasonable invasion and limits the power of police to make arrests, search people and their property and seize objects and contraband
What is the Fourth Amendment?
relies on clues which officers are specifically trained to notice
What is Expertise?
scientific principles to prove or disprove facts of a legal case
What is Forensic Science?
evidence from witness testimonies, expert opinions or statements made in court
What is Testimonial Evidence?
small units of textile materials
What is Fibers?
information an officer obtains through senses, such as sight, smell or hearing
What is Observation?
act in which law enforcement has the right to stop and frisk someone based upon reasonable suspicion
What is Terry Stop and Frisk?
What is Terry v Ohio?
What is Terry Stop?
Allows a vehicle to be searched without a warrant when the evidence or contraband may possibly be removed from the scene due to the mobility of a vehicle
What is Automobile Exception?
documentation of movement and location of physical evidence from the time it is obtained until it is presented in court
What is Chain of Custody?
indirect information which implies a crime has occurred, relating to a series of facts rather than one direct fact
What is Circumstantial Evidence?
document issued by a legal or government official authorizing the police to make an arrest, search premises or carry out some other action relating to the administration of justice
What is Warrant?
depicts or describes sexual conduct in an offensive way
What is Obscene Matter?
Photograph from all angles
Take wide angles and close ups
Do not move any evidence
Use a ruler to show scale
Photograph the area surrounding the crime scene
What is Steps to Photograph A Crime Scene?
Isolate and secure the scene
Make an observation
Document the scene Search for evidence
Collect and package evidence
Maintaining the chain of custody
Submit evidence for analysis
5 Steps in Crime Scene Investigation
trace evidence, bodily fluids, hair, fibers
fingerprints, ballistic evidence,documents
impression evidence
What is Common Evidence?
prevents the court from using evidence obtained from unreasonable search and seizure which violates the Fourth Amendment
What is Exclusionary Rule?
facts which have been gathered through the exchange of others such as hearing a call on police radio, receiving details from an informant, statements from witnesses and victims which has been gathered regarding the case, police broadcast or announcements
What is Information?
Allows the examination of physical evidence to be free from bias, human emotion or tampering if followed appropriately
What is Scientific Method?