Homologous and Analogous
What are homologous structures?
Body parts of organisms that are similar in structure and position, but different in function.
What is a vestigial structure?
Body parts that have lost their original function through evolution.
Which organisms are closer relatives: a dolphin and shark or a human and a dolphin?
human and dolphin; they both are mammals
What is embryology?
The science of the development of embryos from fertilization to birth.
What are fossils?
Naturally preserved remains, imprints or traces of organisms that lived long ago
What is an Analogous structure?
Body parts of organisms that perform a similar function but differ in structure.
How are vestigial structures evidence of descent from ancestral species?
A structure with no function in a living species suggests that it descended from an ancestor that used the structure.
The same word fit is for both fill in the blanks: All organisms on earth have ______. All ______ are a portion of DNA.
genes
What is an embryo?
An unborn or unhatched offspring in the process of development.
What are 2 techniques of defining the age of fossils?
Absolute and Relative
The wings of a butterfly and the wings of an eagle are an example of:
Analogous Structures
What purpose did our appendix use to serve?
Help digest food
Based on the graph of Cytochrome C, a protein found in mitochondria, that we completed recently which of the following is a human's closest relative: A) Rabbit B) Frog C) Chicken D) Horse
A) Rabbit
All humans have tails as embryos. What do these tails develop into before we are born?
Our tailbone, or coccyx
Generally, the older the fossil, the shallower or deeper it is in Earth
deeper
The leg of a cat and the wing of a bird are an example of:
Homologous Structures
What are 4 examples of vestigial structures in humans?
Appendix, tailbone, wisdom teeth, body hair, etc.
Molecular biology looks at how similar or different _____ is in different animals.
DNA/Proteins
All humans have gills as embryos. What do these gills develop into before we are born?
Our jaw line
How can you explain the word "half-life"?
Period of time needed for the mass of radioactive element do be decreased by half.
Do homologous or analogous structures give us more evidence about two species sharing a common ancestor?
homologous
What is one vestigial structure in a whale?
thumb, pelvic bones
How is molecular biology used to determine relationships among species?
By comparing shared genes or proteins in different species to see how closely they match. The closer the match, the more likely they're related.
How can embryos be used as evidence of a common ancestor between organisms?
Evidence of common anatomy in embryos suggests that they inherited the genes for that anatomy from a common ancestor
How many half-lives have passed if the initial mass of C-14 has decreased from 440g to 55g
Three half-lives