Fitness
Plasticity vs canalization
Definitions?
Types of selection
Symbols
200
The number of offspring produced by an individual during its lifetime
Absolute fitness
200
A phenotype that may vary based on environment affecting development
Plastic
200
An allele that spreads because it is linked to another allele that is the target of selection
Hitchhiking
200
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Directional selection
200
ω
Relative fitness
400
Average fitness of individuals with a gene in a population
Allele fitness
400
A phenotype that develops the same way in every environment
canalized
400
Alleles that reach either 100% or 0% frequency in a population
fixation
400
When selection favors the average, causing trait variation to decrease across generations
Stabilizing selection
400
s
strength of selection
600
The reproductive output or survivability of one allele vs other alleles in a population
Relative fitness
600
Pigmentation increases when organisms develop with more sun and decreases when predators are present
plastic
600
Two genes next to each other on a chromosome
genetic linkage
600
Selection when humans are the selective force
artificial selection
600
W
absolute fitness
800
A reason that may prevent a beneficial mutation from becoming fixed
Drift/linkage disequilibrium
800
Fruit flys develop round wings in the presence of arsenic and in the presence of predators
canalization
800
When two traits are correlated for any reason, but often share some functional relationship
integration
800
Selection of a combination of multiple traits
Correlational selection
800
h^2
heritability
1000
Often calculated as the survival rate of a given allele
strength of selection
1000
The idea that plastic traits are often caused by some gene regulatory mechanism, that can change due to selection
Evolution of plasticity
1000
When a change increases fitness of one trait, but decreases fitness of another
Evolutionary tradeoff
1000
When selection favors the extremes of phenotypes driving higher variance and a bimodal distribution across generations
disruptive selection
1000
Δz
Change in phenotype average