Definitions
A group of organisms of the same species living in the same area and interacting with one another
Population
Proposed that traits are acquired and then inherited.
Jean Baptiste Lamarck
3 types of Natural Selection
1) Stabilizing Selection 2) Directional Selection 3) Disruptive Selection
Selection most likely to lead to speciation
Disruptive Selection
Name of the ship that Darwin sailed on
HMS Beagle
Layers act as a timeline of the planet’s history, with each layer representing a time period.
Fossil Record
Who was Erasmus Darwin?
Precursor to the modern evolutionary theory. He was Darwin's Grandfather
DNA and protein sequence comparisons reveal genetic similarities among species
Molecular Biology
All genes present in a population at a given time
Gene Pool
Variety of ecosystems like forests, grasslands, oceans and wetlands
Ecosystem Diversity
Similar structures are found in closely related species, though they may serve different functions
Homologous Structures
Studying and developing a theory of evolution at the same time as Darwin .
Alfred Wallace
4 points of Darwin's Theory of Evolution
1) Principle of Variation 2) Principle of Inheritance 3) Principle of Selection 4) Principle of Time
How are Natural Selection and Adaptations related?
natural selection is the cause, and adaptations are the effect
What does 2pq represent?
frequency of individuals with one copy of each (heterozygous, or carriers)
species independently develop similar traits to adapt to similar challenges
Convergent Evolution
He said that populations grow faster than the resources leading to competition, famine and disease.
Thomas Malthus
5 Different types of evidence to support evolution
1) Fossil Record 2) Comparative Anatomy 3) Comparative Embryology 4) Molecular Biology 5) Biogeography
Favours traits that increase survival or reproductive success, making them more common
Positive Selective Pressures
Acts against traits that reduce an organism's chance of survival or reproduction. Less common
Negative Selective Pressures
Actions or patterns exhibited by organism that enhance their survival and reproductive success
Behavioural Adaptation
What year did Darwin publish his book?
1859
6 Steps of Natural Selection
1) Variation 2) Overproduction 3) Competition 4) Heritability 5) Adaptation 6) Speciation
5 Conditions for Hardy Weinberg
1) No Mutation 2) No migration 3) Random Mating 4) No Natural Selection 5) No Genetic Drift
Why is the Hardy Weinberg Equlibrium a theoritical bench mark?
No natural population meets all five conditions perfectly, which is exactly the point. The equilibrium is a theoretical benchmark, not a description of reality.