The name of the ship that Darwin sailed on.
HMS Beagle
A record of species that lived long ago
The Fossil Record
A mathematical model that shows if a species is undergoing evolution.
Hardy-Weinberg Principle
Slow, continual changes in a population over time is considered what rate of speciation?
Gradualism
Gradual change in a species over time
Evolution
The islands that Darwin's most notable observations are from.
The Galapagos
Structures that are nearly useless in some animals while they are useful in others.
Vestigial structures
When a small population is separated from the larger population and settles in a new area. Genes from this population do not strongly reflect the original gene composition of the larger population.
Founder Effect
Speciation that occurs when there is a physical (geographic or anatomical) barrier that prevents populations from inter-mating.
Allopatric speciation
more than two sets of chromosomes (found most often in plants)
polyploidy
The name of the book that was written by Charles Darwin
On the Origin of the Species by Natural Selection (acceptable: Origin of the Species)
A trait that is newly evolved in a population
When a population declines to a very low number and rebounds. Gene diversity is reduced in the new population.
Bottleneck
Speciation that occurs when there is no physical barrier between populations.
Sympatric speciation
a trait that is found in every anscestor
Ancestral traits
Selective breeding, or the process of choosing which traits will be bread into the next generation was called this by Darwin.
Artificial Selection
Anatomically similar structures inherited from a common ancestor. (hint: same structure but different functions)
Homologous structures
Any change in the allele frequency in a population that is due to chance.
Genetic Drift
One species gives way to many species in response to creation of a new habitat or ecological change
Adaptive Radiation or Divergent evolution
a measure of the relative contribution an individual trait makes to the next generation
Fitness
The cumulative changes in groups of organisms through time.
Evolution
Structures that share the same function, but are structurally different. (hint: bird wing vs. mosquito wing)
Analogous structures
Change in the frequency of a trait based on the ability to attract a mate.
Sexual Selection
Rapid changes in a species history followed by periods of no change.
Punctuated equilibrium
Conditions that must be met for Hardy Weinberg equilibrium
1. large population
2. no immigration/emigration
3. random mating
4. no mutations
5. no natural selection