Darwin
Evidence for Evolution
Mechanisms for Evolution
Patterns
Vocab Review
100

The name of the ship that Darwin sailed on.

HMS Beagle

100

A record of species that lived long ago

The Fossil Record

100

A mathematical model that shows if a species is undergoing evolution.

Hardy-Weinberg Principle

100

Slow, continual changes in a population over time is considered what rate of speciation?

Gradualism

100

Gradual change in a species over time

Evolution

200

The islands that Darwin's most notable observations are from.

The Galapagos

200

Structures that are nearly useless in some animals while they are useful in others.

Vestigial structures

200

When a small population is separated from the larger population and settles in a new area. Genes from this population do not strongly reflect the original gene composition of the larger population.

Founder Effect

200

Speciation that occurs when there is a physical (geographic or anatomical) barrier that prevents populations from inter-mating.

Allopatric speciation

200

more than two sets of chromosomes (found most often in plants)

polyploidy

300

The name of the book that was written by Charles Darwin

On the Origin of the Species by Natural Selection (acceptable: Origin of the Species)

300

A trait that is newly evolved in a population

Derived traits
300

When a population declines to a very low number and rebounds. Gene diversity is reduced in the new population.

Bottleneck 

300

Speciation that occurs when there is no physical barrier between populations.

Sympatric speciation

300

a trait that is found in every anscestor

Ancestral traits

400

Selective breeding, or the process of choosing which traits will be bread into the next generation was called this by Darwin.

Artificial Selection

400

Anatomically similar structures inherited from a common ancestor. (hint: same structure but different functions)

Homologous structures

400

Any change in the allele frequency in a population that is due to chance.

Genetic Drift

400

One species gives way to many species in response to creation of a new habitat or ecological change

Adaptive Radiation or Divergent evolution

400

a measure of the relative contribution an individual trait makes to the next generation

Fitness

500

The cumulative changes in groups of organisms through time.

Evolution

500

Structures that share the same function, but are structurally different. (hint: bird wing vs. mosquito wing)

Analogous structures

500

Change in the frequency of a trait based on the ability to attract a mate.

Sexual Selection

500

Rapid changes in a species history followed by periods of no change.

Punctuated equilibrium

500

Conditions that must be met for Hardy Weinberg equilibrium

1. large population 

2. no immigration/emigration

3. random mating

4. no mutations

5. no natural selection