Evolution
Define Evolution
A change in genes in a population of a species changes over time
Define Natural Selection
Organisms with favorable traits are more likely to survive and pass on their genes.
What is an adaptation?
An INHERITED (genetic) trait that increases an organisms chance of survival and reproduction.
Define artificial selection
Controlled by humans. Humans breed individuals with desired traits
What is the primary cause of diversity?
DNA mutations
Who is the father of evolution?
Charles Darwin
Explain how natural selection depends on the environment
A trait/genes that are favorable in one environment, may not be favorable in another.
Potential example: White fur is favorable in snow covered environments but not in others
What are the 3 types of adaptations we learned about
Structural, behavioral, and functional/physiological
Describe an example of artificial selection
Potential Answer: At some point, people wanted small lapdogs. So breeders would breed the smallest wolves they could find. Then from the puppies of those wolves, the smallest one would be bred together until eventually we had chihuahuas
What is the evolutionary definition of fitness
Ability to survive and reproduce
What is a theory
A scientific explanation supported by A LOT of evidence and facts
Why does natural selection happen?
Because of genetic diversity, and thus physical/behavioral diversity, lead to different levels of fitness within a population
Describe an example of a structural adaptation. You must explain why it an adaptation for the specific environment the organism lives in.
Answers may vary
List 3 adaptations humans have. 1 of each type of adaptation
structural- thumbs, walking upright, ability to speak language (mouth structure)
behavioral- pack animals, shelter
physiological- pain, logical thinking, reflexes controlled by the brain
What type of organism did we all likely evolve from over the course of billions of years
Bacteria
What are 2 causes of genetic variation (differences)?
DNA mutation and sexual reproduction
Answers may vary
Describe an example of a behavioral adaptation? You must explain why it an adaptation for the specific environment the organism lives in.
Answers may vary
What is the name of Dawrin's book
On the origins of the species
What is a group of organisms that look alike and can reproduce called?
A species
Describe an example of evolution AND tell me why it is an example of evolution
Answers may vary
Describe how antibiotic resistance is an example of natural selection.
Variation in genes of bacteria exists. A few bacteria may be able to survive antibiotics. They reproduce and can pass on their genes for antibiotic resistance. Eventually a new antibiotic for a certain bacteria may be needed.
Describe an example of a functional/physiological example. You must explain why it an adaptation for the specific environment the organism lives in.
Answers may vary
Main Ideas from Darwin's book (3)
-Accurately described evolution happened because of natural selection
-Evidence for evolution, such as the finches
-Evolution responsible for diversity of life on Earth today
DESCRIBE all 4 lines of evidence we have that support the idea that everything alive today evolved from 1 origin of life
fossil record
Anatomy
Embryology
DNA