Genes and Variation
The genes carried by all members of a particular population make up the population's
What is gene pool?
When one end of the bell shaped curve has high fitness and the the curve shifts, this is an example of
What is directional selection?
A factor that is necessary for the formation of a new species is
What is reproductive isolation?
Patterns of embryological development are controlled by these
What are Hox genes?
A polygenic trait can have many possible genotypes, which produces many possible
What are phenotypes?
Describes how well an organism can survive and reproduce in its environment
What is fitness?
1)This geologist proposed that past changes in Earth must be explained in terms of events and processes observable today.
Who was Lyell?
1)This provides molecular evidence that supports natural selection
What is DNA or protein?
If there are 25 recessive alleles out of a population of 100 alleles, the allele frequency is
What is 25%
When the highest fitness is toward the center phenotype
What is stabilizing selection?
The separation of populations by barriers such as rivers, mountains is called
What is geographic isolation?
Duplicate genes can be produced during this process in meiosis
What is crossing-over?
The frequency of phenotypes for a typical polygenic trait is often illustrated as
What is a bell-shaped curve?
This explains why birds and reptiles share a number of inherited characteristics
What is common descent (common ancestor)?
This scientist proposed that evolution resulted from the inheritance of acquired traits
Who was Lamarck?
In whales, a pelvis and femur are examples of
What are vestigial structures?
Natural selection acts directly on
What is phenotype?
When the two ends of the curve show greater fitness
What is disruptive selection?
When two species breed at different times of the year
What is temporal isolation?
When two species have only a few amino acid differences between them, we say that they are evolutionarily
What is closely related? or What is share a recent common ancestor?
This is the process of change over time
What is evolution?
Individuals who survive are the ones best adapted for their environment. This is called.
What is survival of the fittest?
This economist proposed that war, famine, and disease will limit human population
Who is Malthus?
The wing of a bird and the flipper of a dolphin are examples of this type of structure
What are homologous structures?
Genetic recombination includes independent assortment during meiosis and
What is crossing over?
The type of genetic drift that follows the emigration of a small number of individuals from a population
What is the founder effect?
In the case of the Galapagos finches, this was the first step toward speciation
What is founders arrived?
The process of using mutation rate to determine evolutionary relatedness is referred to as
What is a molecular clock?
This is the study of where species and their ancestors live
What is biogeography?
The process by which organisms with variations most suited to their local environment survive and leave more offspring
What is natural selection?
This scientist proposed the theory of natural selection
Who is Darwin?
Flipper of a dolphin and a shark are these types of structures
What are analogous structures?
Three sources of genetic variation are:
Genetic equilibrium occurs in a population (according to Hardy Weinberg) when
What is there is no:
•Nonrandom mating
•Small population size
•Gene flow from immigration or emigration
•Mutations
•Natural selection
What is behavioral isolation?
When farmers breed cows that produce more milk, the farmers are using this
What is artificial selection?
Living species are descended, with modification, from common ancestors—an idea called
What is descent with modification?
This scientist also proposed a theory similar to Darwin’s and published his results with Darwin.
Who is Wallace?
Cytochrome c is an example of this type of protein that is found in all cells
What are homologous proteins?