Biologists
Credited with discover of natural selection where characteristics are heritable, there is competition, and offspring vary
Who is Charles Darwin
Elements of organisms that due to their similarity suggest common ancestry
What are homologous structures
the study of what changes allele frequencies in populations through time
What is population genetics
A hypothetic evolutionary family tree
What is a phylogeny or cladogram or phylogenetic tree?
All the alleles in a population
What is gene pool
These men independently stated the principle of equilibrium to describe a population's genetic makeup. A useful tool to compare real population changes
Who is Godfrey Hardy and Wilhelm Weinberg
Evidence that uses the genetic code to identify relationships between species. Also is used to show shared ancestry of all life.
What is DNA evidence?
The effect chance has on a populations gene pool
What is genetic drift
Any branch or lineage in a phylogenetic tree
What is a clade?
transfer of genetic material between unrelated species
What is horizontal gene transfer?
Considered the father of microbiology, first called microbials "animalcules"
Who is Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
Structures that are no longer necessary but are homologous to functional structures in other species
What are vestigial structures?
The movement of individuals (alleles) from one population to another
Phylogenetic point indicating the evolution of one species into two different species
What is a node? (or branching point)
Process of choosing the simplest cladogram with the fewest steps or events
What is rule of parsimony?
Discovered concept of evolution independent of Darwin
Who is Alfred Wallace
Process that describes relationships for both living and extinct species over distances
What is biogeography?
Process through which populations of living organisms adapt and change
What is natural selection
Reconstruction and study of evolutionary relationships
What are systematics?
Characteristics that appear similar but do not arise from common ancestry
What is convergence?
Traditional classification of naming organisms is named after this biologist
Who is Carl Linnaeus
Evidence that shows that the earth is very old and that organisms have changed over time
What is the fossil record?
A severe reduction in the size of a population or the number of alleles in a population due to a natural disaster or dramatic event
What is a bottleneck?
Method for classification where most specific name is Genus species
What is binomial nomenclature?
Who is Captain Pete "Maverick" Mitchell