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Which statement about adaptations is most CORRECT?
Adaptations beneficial at one time should generally be beneficial during all other times as well
Adaptations come about because the organism needs to survive.
Adaptations are any characteristics that allow organisms to survive
Adaptations are any characteristics that allow organisms to survive
All of the following can be causes of mutation EXCEPT:
Mutagenic chemicals
An organism’s need to be successful
Radiation from the sun
Free radicals
An organism’s need to be successful
The following is a good example of biological adaptations:
It’s cold, so you put on a jacket.
Your baby stops throwing her food on the floor when you stop picking it up for her.
Animals living in colder climates tend to have thicker fur.
Insects developed wings because they needed to fly.
Animals living in colder climates tend to have thicker fur.
A possum playing dead when scared is an example of:
Camouflage
Structural adaptation
Behavioral adaptation
Mimicry
Behavioral adaptation
In evolutionary terms, “fit” in the phrase “survival of the fit” describes:
The fastest or strongest organisms that are able to reproduce
Those organisms that are able to survive and produce the most offspring
Those that are best able to individually develop in the environment
Those organisms that are the weakest and cannot reproduce
Those organisms that are able to survive and produce the most offspring
"The giraffe stretched its neck while reaching for higher leaves; its offspring inherited longer necks as a result." Which statement is most likely to be helpful in correcting this student's misconception?
Characteristics acquired during an organism's life are generally not passed on through genes.
Spontaneous mutations can result in the appearance of new traits.
Only favorable adaptations are passed on.
Disuse of an organ may lead to its eventual disappearance.
Characteristics acquired during an organism's life are generally not passed on through genes.
Which of the following is NOT a part of Darwin's theory of natural selection?
Individuals of a population vary
Organisms tend to produce more offspring than can survive
There are limited resources for which individuals compete
Traits an organism acquires during its lifetime can be passed to its offspring
Traits an organism acquires during its lifetime can be passed to its offspring
Modern whales lack hind limbs (back legs), but have tiny bones in their skeletons which are the remnants of pelvic and leg bones. Which of the following is TRUE concerning this information?
The remnants of pelvic and leg bones in whales are homologous structures.
Modern whales most likely had an ancestor that had hind limbs.
Modern whales are evolving to have legs.
This is biochemical evidence in support of the theory of evolution.
Modern whales most likely had an ancestor that had hind limbs.
Evolution is defined as:
a change in a physical trait of an individual during its lifetime.
a change in the frequency of the genome in the community over time.
a change in the frequency of alleles in a population over time.
a change in the behavior in a population over time.
a change in the frequency of alleles in a population over time
1. The theory of evolution by natural selection was developed most famously by:
Gregor Mendel
Watson and Crick
Charles Darwin
Jean Baptiste Lamarck
Charles Darwin
Which of the following is the most fit in a biological sense?
A lion that is successful at capturing prey but has no cubs.
A lion that has many cubs, eight of which live to adulthood.
A lion that overcomes a disease and lives to have three cubs.
A lion that cares for his cubs, two of who live to adulthood
A lion that has many cubs, eight of which live to adulthood.
Scientific theory is:
An informed opinion
A scientific guess supported by some data
Statements or models that have been tested and confirmed many times
A hypothesis that has been proven and will never change
Statements or models that have been tested and confirmed many times
What might you conclude from the observation that the bones in your arm and hand are similar to the bones in a bat's wing?
The bones in the bat's wing are vestigial structures, no longer useful as "arm" bones.
The bones in the bat's wing are homologous to your arm and hand bones.
Bats lost their thumbs during the course of evolution.
The ancestors of humans could fly.
The bones in the bat's wing are homologous to your arm and hand bones.
The process by which a species becomes better suited to its environment is known as
accommodation.
adaptation.
variation.
selection.
adaptation
For human birth weight, being too underweight or overweight is dangerous. Over time, this results in:
Directional selection.
Stabilizing selection
Disruptive selection.
Sexual selection.
Stabilizing selection
Which one of the following BEST describes the difference between artificial and natural selection?
Natural selection acts without the input of humans; artificial selection requires human input
Natural selection works on all species; artificial selection will only work on lab-created species.
Artificial selection occurs very slowly; natural selection works very rapidly
Artificial selection has produced many of the most delicious food items for humans; natural selection has not.
Natural selection acts without the input of humans; artificial selection requires human input
Which of the following is the best measure of an organism’s fitness?
The number of fertile offspring it produces
How long it lives
The number of mutations it acquires in its lifetime
The amount of food the organism can take in
The number of fertile offspring it produces
Which of the following is an example of vestigial structure found in humans?
Tailbone
Appendix
Wisdom teeth
All of the above
All of the above
1. The fossil record is incomplete because:
Not all of the fossils were found yet
Animals with hard parts are preserved more easily and not all creatures became fossils
The first two answers are both correct.
The fossil record is complete and we have all of the fossils of all types of organisms that existed
The first two answers are both correct
Natural selection could not occur without
Competition for unlimited resources.
Genetic variation in species.
Constant environment
Gradual warming of Earth
Genetic variation in species.
1. What is the ultimate source of genetic variability?
Mutation
Migration
Genetic drift
Selection
Mutation
Which of the following concepts is TRUE regarding the theory of evolution?
In most cases, resources are limited.
Organisms will pass on characteristics that they acquire during their lives to their offspring.
Only mutated DNA is passed onto offspring
Individual organisms can evolve.
In most cases, resources are limited.
Darwin conducted much of his research on
the Samoan Islands.
the Hawaiian Islands.
Manhattan Island.
the Galápagos Islands.
the Galápagos Islands.
1. The fossil record provides evidence that evolution has occurred in part because:
It shows that organisms have not changed over time.
It shows how the DNA of closely related organisms is very similar.
It shows that the bodies of groups of organisms have changed over time.
It shows that dinosaurs existed for a very long time on earth.
It shows that the bodies of groups of organisms have changed over time.
Brightly colored peacocks mate more frequently than do drab peacocks.
Directional selection
Stabilizing selection
Disruptive selection
Sexual selection
Sexual selection