The Scientists
Evidence of Evolution
Mechanisms of Evolution
Speciation
Adaptations and Selection Types
100
Who is credited with developing the modern theory of evolution?
Charles Darwin!
100
What are two types of evidence that support the theory of evolution?
Ex: DNA/protein sequencing (molecular biology), vestigial structures, homologous structures, fossil record, embryology
100
What is the mechanism of evolution proposed by Darwin?
Natural selection
100
What is speciation?
The formation of new species
100
What is a heritable characteristic or trait that helps an organism survive and reproduce in its environment?
Adaptation
200
What did Hutton and Lyell tell us about the age of the Earth?
It's REALLY OLD - much older than a few thousand years old.
200
Species A and B
200
What are two mechanisms of evolution we discussed in class?
Genetic drift and natural selection
200
What are the three types of reproductive isolation?
Behavioral, temporal, and geographic
200
What word describes and organism's ability to SURVIVE and REPRODUCE?
Fitness
300
What theory did Lamarck propose?
Inheritance of acquired traits
300
Which types of structure(s) can be used as evidence of common ancestry?
Homologous and vestigial
300
Which mechanism for evolution leads to a RANDOM change in allele frequency (genes)?
Genetic drift
300
What is the first step in speciation?
Reproductive isolation
300
Frogs with longer tongues are able to catch more food. Frogs with short tongues can't catch as much food and don't usually survive. What type of selection is this?
Directional selection
400
Malthus believed that populations grow faster than resources can be produced leading to famine, disease, war, and competition. What idea did this lead to?
Survival of the fittest!
400
What does it mean if there are many similarities between the DNA sequences of two species?
They are closely related
400
In which type of selection do humans select desirable traits?
Artificial selection
400
If one species of cicadas emerges every 13 years to breed while the other emerges every 17 years, what type of isolation is this?
Temporal isolation
400
Female Robins can lay anywhere from 1-10 eggs. Laying too few eggs runs the risk of them all getting eaten, and laying too many eggs results in under-fed chicks. Most Robins will lay 4-5 eggs. What type of selection is this?
Stabilizing (intermediate number of eggs is favored)
500
Which lesser known scientist had ideas similar to Darwin's about natural selection and evolution?
Alfred Wallace
500
What is an example of a vestigial structure?
Ex: pelvic bone in whales, goosebumps, wisdom teeth, tailbone (coccyx), etc.
500
What is it called when a large-scale disaster wipes out a big portion of the population, leading to a change in allele frequencies?
Bottleneck effect
500
What is it called if a species is relatively constant over time followed by a period of rapid change?
Punctuated equilibrium
500
A meadow is full of both deep and shallow flowers. Short beaked hummingbirds are able to get nectar from shallow flowers, and long beaked hummingbirds are able to get nectar from deep flowers. Hummingbirds with medium length beaks are not selected for. What type of selection is this?
Disruptive (favors BOTH short and long beaks, but not medium length beaks)