EVIDENCE OF EVOLUTION
biochemical evidence of evolution would include...
DNA and/or proteins
What is an inherited trait that increases an organism's chance of surviving and reproducing?
An adaptation
The transfer of genes into a population due to immigration or emigration
gene flow
reproductive isolation
When the 5 mechanisms of evolution are not changing allele frequencies, the population is said to be in
Hardy Weinberg equilibrium
What do you call body parts of organisms that are similar in structure but different in function? These structures suggest common ancestry
Ex: the arms of humans, cats, frogs, and bats
homologous structure
What is defined as "those with the best adaptations are more likely to survive, reproduce, and pass on the alleles for helpful traits"?
natural selection
OR
survival of the fittest
change of allele frequency in small populations due to random chance
genetic drift
type of reproductive isolation that results when populations are separated by things like mountains, rivers, oceans, canyons...
geographic isolation
For evolution to occur, there must be changes in the _______________________, which is the collection of alleles in a population
gene pool
What are body parts that have lost their original functions through evolution but did function in past ancestors. These indicate common ancestry
Ex: your appendix or tailbone
vestigial structures
The ability to survive and reproduce in a specific environment is called _________________
fitness
type of genetic drift where there is a change in allele frequency when the population size is reduced and only a small group of survivors remain.
bottleneck effect
rate of evolution when there are long periods of stasis (no change) followed by rapid rates of speciation
punctuated equilibrium
What is the theory that explains how eukaryotic cells evolved?
endosymbiont theory
What are body parts that perform similar functions but differ in their structure? These DO NOT indicate common ancestry
Ex: wing of a bird versus the wing of a butterfly
analogous structures
In natural selection, nature selects those with the best _______________, which is defined as the physical expression of the trait we see.
phenotypes
when there is a selection of a mate, which causes those alleles to be passed on more frequently
non-random mating
what is the rate of speciation in when there are slow and steady changes over time?
The endosymbiont theory states that small prokaryotic cells became the __________________ and __________________ of eukaryotic cells
mitochondria and chloroplasts
Which evidence of evolution studies the development of organisms from fertilization to birth?
embryology
Which one of these is NOT something Darwin would have said:
1- there must be over-reproduction in a species
2- there must be variation in a species
3- structures evolve in a population due to need
4- there will be competition to survive and the most fit will survive
3
Larmarck said that structures appear in a species out of need
type of genetic drift where there is a change in allele frequency that occurs when a few individuals migrate to a new uninhabited area
founder effect
the formation of a new species through evolution
speciation
Name 2 of the 4 pieces of evidence that supports the endosymbiont theory
mitochondria and chloroplasts:
1- have 2 membranes
2- are similar in size to prokaryotes
3- have circular DNA that is similar to prokaryotes
4- reproduce through binary fission like prokaryotes