Vocab
Evidence of Evolution
Hardy- Weinberg
Evolution of Populations
Darwin
100
Define evolution. What is an example of evolution?
Evolution: The gradual change of a species over time to better suit their environment
Ex: Giraffe's evolving longer necks to reach the foods higher on the trees
100
What type of evidence of evolution does this image show?
Comparative Anatomy - Homologous Structures
100
What is a gene pool?
All of the alleles that are present in individuals of a population
100
What is genetic drift?
Change by chance
100
Where did Darwin study the finches?
Galapagos Islands
200
What is the definition of fitness?
Describes the ability of an individual to survive and reproduce
200
What is this image showing?
What are 3 similarities among the top row?
Comparative Embryology
3 similarities: Gill slits, tail, eyes
200
Can evolution be happening in order to be considered in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?
No!
200
What are the 2 examples of genetic drift?
1. Founders Effect
2. Bottleneck Effect
200
What boat did Darwin travel on?
The HMS Beagle
300
Define artificial selection. What is an example of it?
Artifical Selection = humans select organisms to produce offspring
Ex: Dogs
300
What is a vestigial organ? Give 2 examples in humans
A structure that have little to no obvious purpose in an organism
Ex: Appendix, Wisdom Teeth
300
If 59 out of 100 individuals show the recessive traits, what % of the population will be heterozygous?
36%
300
What happens in the founders effect?
A small group starts a new population
300
When studying the finches, what did Darwin conclude as to why the finches looked different?
They adapted to their environment and food sources
400
Define adaptation.
Chooisng physical and behavioral traits that enable organisms to better survive
400
Which organism is most closely related to the human? Which organism is most distantly related to the human?
Closely: Kangaroo
Distantly: Alligator
400
In a population that is in Hardy‐Weinberg equilibrium, the percentage of the recessive homozygote genotype of a certain trait is 45%. Calculate the percentage of individuals homozygous for the dominant allele.
11%
400
What happens in the bottleneck effect?
A big drop in population size due to a natural disaster which causes a change in the gene pool
400
How did the finches mainly differ from one another (what trait was different)?
Their beaks
500
What is it called when all members of a species have died and that species no longer exists?
Extinction
500
What is another type of evidence for evolution discussed in class?
The Fossil Record
Documented observation
500
The ability to taste the chemical, PTC, is due to a single dominant allele "A". You sampled 206 individuals and determined that 150 could detect the bitter taste of PTC and 56 could not. Calculate all of the potential frequencies, dominant, recessive, and all the genotypic frequencies (AA, Aa, aa).
AA: 0.23
Aa: 0.5
aa: 0.27
A: 0.48
a: 0.52
500
What is gene flow?
It occurs when genes move into or out of a population
500
True or False: Darwin only studied the finches
False
He studied other birds, iguanas, and tortoises