Definitions
change in the genetic makeup of a population overtime. The change in allele frequencies in a population over time
Evolution
What is the ‘migration’ of individuals (or their gametes) from one population to another
Gene Flow
limit ability of two species to combine gametes and form zygotes
Prezygotic Barriers
divergence of many new species from a single ancestral species in a relatively short time
Adaptive Radiation
The range of conditions—like type of food—a species needs to survive (often constrained by competition)
Niche
What is a population’s entire collection of genes and their alleles
Gene Pool
Selection for traits that improve how well an individual can compete for mates. Often involves male-male competition
Intra-Sexual Selection
In which cells would a deer mouse need to acquire the mutation causing white fur in order for natural selection to “select” for white fur?
Egg or Sperm Cells
If a population has a frequency of .25 for one allele and .80 for another, is this population at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?
No
A population has two alleles B and R. B has a frequency of .55 and R has a frequency of .45. Is this population in Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium?
Yes
What is the number of offspring contributed by an individual to future generations
Fitness
Selection for traits that improve how well an individual can attract mates (Often involves female mate choice)
Inter-Sexual Selection
How is genetic drift affected by population size?
more drastically with smaller population sizes, while its effects are lessened in larger populations
You have a population with the genotype GG: 0.49, GS:0.42, and SS: 0.09. What are the frequencies of the G and S population?
G=0.7
S=0.3
You have a population with the genotype GG: 0.49 and SS: 0.09. The heterozygote population is 0.55. Is this population at Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium?
No
occurs if a disaster drastically reduces the size of a population
Bottleneck
groups of actually or potentially interbreeding natural populations, which are reproductively isolated from other groups
Biological Species Concept
Which of these mechanisms cause random evolutionary changes? A) Mutation B) Genetic drift C) Natural selection D) A and B E) All three (A, B & C)
D)
You have a population with the frequencies S: 0.9 and A: 0.1. What is the frequency of SS and AA?
SS: 0.81
AA: 0.01
You have a population with the frequencies S: 0.9 and A: 0.1. What is the frequency of SA?
SA: 0.18
occurs when a small group of individuals separates from a larger population to establish a new colony
Founders Effect
Allele frequencies in a population will only stay constant over time in the absence of specific conditions
Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium
Two main types of speciation
Allopatric Speciation (Physical barriers) and Sympatric speciation (same location)
What is the effect of genetic drift and natural selection on genetic variation within a population?
Both tend to decrease diversity
How will gene flow affect the amount of variation between population?
Decreases variation