How
We know dogs & cats are not the same species because they cannot do this.
What is reproduce with one another?
These body parts from an organism are more likely to come fossils.
Hard parts like shell, bone, & wood.
There are 1,000 carbon-14 atoms in a bone. After 2 half-lives (11,136 years) there will be this many.
What is 250?
The type of rock in which fossils form.
What is sedimentary?
This famous naturalist sailed for 5 years on the Beagle.
Who is Darwin?
Aquatic birds having webbed feet is an example of this.
What is an adaptation?
The more closely-related two species are, the more homologous their biology & chemistry are. Homologous means _______.
What is similar?
This type of atom is used for radiometric dating of fossilized organisms.
What is Carbon-14?
Layers in sedimentary rock indicate their relative ____.
What is age?
In 1809, Jean-Baptist Lamarck proposed that if a species used an organ more than it had in the past, the size of that organ would _____ & this change would ___________.
Grow, be passed on to offspring.
The term for a species multiplying so many times that they run out of food & begin starving.
What is overproduction?
Scientists have recovered this special molecule from some insects trapped in amber & frozen wooly mammoths.
What is DNA?
What the half-life of an atom measures.
What is the time it takes for a radioactive atom to turn into a stable atom?
The Principle of Superposition states that the oldest layer of rock is at the _______, while the youngest is at the ____.
What are bottom & top?
Charles Darwin’s famous book about natural selection is entitled _____________.
What is The Origin of Species?
Two things can lead to genetic variation. The first occurs via sexual reproduction. The other occurs randomly & is called ________.
What is mutation?
The plague killed 1/3 of the population of Europe over 400 years. Some who lived in plague-hit areas survied because they were resistant to contracting the disease. They passed this resistance on to their children. This is an example of ________.
What is natural selection?
The stable isotope Carbon-14 turns into.
What is Nitrogen-14?
With permineralization, an organism’s _______ is replaced with _______, which creates a fossilized organism that is a _______.
What are soft tissues, minerals, & rock?
This important aspect of evolution, which explained the mechanism for inheritance of traits, was missing from Darwin’s 1859 writings. An 1865 paper by ______ cleared up the mystery.
What are genetics? Who is Gregor Mendel?
Two things can lead to genetic variation. One occurs randomly. The other occurs through sexual reproduction & is called this.
What is genetic recombination?
Humans have bred many animals to be more useful to them: cows to produce more milk, sheep to have longer wool, etc.
What is this intentional breeding called?
What is artificial selection?
What are dinosaur fossils?
The study of the layers of sedimentary rock.
What is stratigraphy?
In 1788, James Hutton put forth the Theory of ________ which stated that the Earth was much older than 10,000 years, was constantly (but slowly) changing, & that the processes that caused change had been constant over the life of the earth.
What is Uniformitarianism?