Natural Selection
Who came up with the idea of natural selection?
Charles Darwin
This mechanism describes how organisms that are more fit survive longer and produce more offspring.
Natural selection
2 populations evolve together
Coevolution
The organisms on the west coast of Africa are similar to those on the east coast of South America. Scientists believe they are related because of this geographic distribution. What field of science would study this?
Biogeography
fitness
What principle of natural selection says that beneficial traits will become more common over time?
Adaptation
A change in DNA sequence that increases variation. Can be harmful, helpful, or neutral.
Mutation
Elimination of a species
Exctinction
What field of science would study analagous, homologous, and vestigial structures?
Morphology
_________ is the process of biological change in populations that makes descendants genetically different from their ancestors.
Evolution
One of the principles of natural selection is genetic variation. What are 3 sources of genetic variation?
1. Random mutations
2. Sexual reproduction
3. Gene flow (migration)
This increase in genetic variation happens due to migration of individuals into and out of the population.
Gene flow
Before speciation can occur a(n) ___________ event must occur.
isolation
What field of science can give us information about prehistoric organisms through the fossil record?
Paleontology
Define macroevolution and microevolution.
Macroevolution: changes in populations or species over long periods of time and large geographic areas
Microevolution: changes in populations over shorter periods of time within a smaller geographic area
What does descent with modification mean?
Future generations will have a change in their gene frequencies over time. Beneficial traits should become more common.
It's not about survival, but it's about who gets the most opportunities to mate.
Sexual selection
Organisms evolve analagous structures due to this evolutionary pattern; unrelated organisms evolve similar traits due to living in similar environments
Convergent evolution
______________ studies organisms at early stages in their development.
Embryology
What is a species?
A group of organisms that can reproduce and have fertile offspring.
A person learns to walk, talk, and read. Is this an example of evolution? Explain.
No, this is not evolution because organisms do not evolve, populations do. Evolution occurs over many generations in traits that are heritable (passed on by genes).
A random event prevents certain individuals from reproducing. This often results in loss of genetic variation and is more apparent in smaller populations.
Genetic drift
This evolutionary pattern leads to homologous structures; organisms have a common ancestor and evolve different traits due to living in different environments.
Divergent evolution
This field of science studies the chemical processes of living organisms such as cellular respiration and protein synthesis.
Biochemistry
Apply the principles of natural selection to explain why insect populations become resistant to pesticides.
1. Overproduction of offspring: more insects are born than can survive, creating competition for survival.
2. Variation: some insects carry genes that make them resistant to pesticides, others don't
3. Adaptation: The insects with the genes for pesticide resistance will survive longer and reproduce more, passing on the resistant genes to their offspring.
4. Descent with modification: Future insect populations will have more individuals resistant to pesticides.