Evolutionary Relationships
The process of how organisms change over time is called this.
What is evolution?
Who is known as the father of taxonomy?
Linnaeus
What islands did Darwin travel to and conduct research in the 1830's?
Galapagos Islands
This Scientist came up with the idea that all species were fixed(unable to change).
Aristotle
Preserved ruminants of extinct species are used to track changes in species over the history of earth.
Fossil Record
How long on average does it take a species to evolve into something new?
on average, one million years
Naming system based on the TWO terms genus and the species is called what?
Binomial Nomenclature, Scientific name
What is common ancestry?
all living organisms are descendants of a single ancestor
*Daily double* Aristotle described species as being organized in a ladder(he called it the ladder of life). What happened to the species as you went up the ladder? (or how was this ladder organized?)
As you went up the ladder, species became more complex in structure and function
*Daily Double* What are three forms of evidence scientists can use to track evolution?
DNA, Fossil Record, Vestigial organs, Comparison of embryos, Analogous/ Homologous traits.
How is it that animals are able to develop these distinct changes that lead to evolution?
Mutations in their DNA
How many Domains are there?
3
*Daily Double* Describe natural selection.
individuals that are better suited to their environment survive and reproduce most successfully; survival of the fittest
What two terms make up a species scientific name?
Genus, and Species
Organs once used by an ancestor that are still present in living species but have no current function are called?
Vestigial Organs
Species that share more similarities in their DNA are _____ than those that share fewer similarities.
What is more closely related?
What are the categorizes that rank taxonomy?
*remember*
Did King Philip Come Over For Grape Soda?
Domain,Kingdom,Phylum,Class,Order,Family, Genus, Species
Darwin's Theory of Evolution is based on what two facts?
living Species descend from a Common ancestor and species go through a process called natural selection where the best traits lead to the greatest fitness and get passed down from generation to generation.
What is taxonomy?
The science of naming, Characterizes living things based on shared characteristics.
What is an example of evolution that can be seen in human embryos?
gill slits, a tail
Name four of the five kingdoms
Animalia (animal), Plantae (plant), Fungi(fungus), Monera, Protista (Protist)
Explain how Darwin’s observations of finches in the Galapagos Islands led to his ideas about natural selection.
What is
He observed that finches on the islands were slightly different from those found on the mainland. He also noted slight differences in finches from island to island.
The difference that he found most notable was the differences in beak shape. It appeared to be different based on the type of food eaten, and therefore Darwin concluded that the finches were adapted for the type of food they ate.
From his observations, Darwin hypothesized that an ancestral species of finch from the mainland ended up on the Galapagos, and the finches were scattered to different environments. Then, they had to adapt to different conditions, and over many generations evolved into new species.
Jean-Baptiste Lamarck developed the Law of use and disuse. The example he used was with a giraffes neck. Explain the law of use and disuse using a giraffe as the example.
Species were able to adapt to their environment in a lifetime. features they used got stronger while ones they didn't weakened. So the giraffes neck would grow the more it stretched it for food in tall trees.
These structures that are shared between different species (like the bones in a humans arm and birds wing) that show a shared common ancestor are called what?
Homologous Traits