Vocab/Terms
Natural/Artificial Selection
Structures and Embryology
Lactase Persistence
Lactose Intolerance
100
Evolution
What is the process by which organisms have descended from other organisms over time?
100
Natural Selection
What is the cause of evolution, adaptations are the traits that give the organism an advantage to the environment
100
Homologous Structures
What are structures that are similar in different species due to a common ancestor?
100
Lactase Persistence
The ability of some humans adults to digest lactose- the sugar in milk
100
What is Lactose?
The sugar in milk
200
Common Ancestor
What is an ancestor is shared by 2 or more descendant species?
200
How does natural selection work?
Those with advantageous traits are more likely to reproduce and pass down genes
If you do not have good traits for the environment → you can’t survive long enough to pass them down
200
Analogous Structures
What are structures that evolved independently in different organisms?
200
What parts of the world are “hot spots” of lactase persistence?
Parts of Asia and East & West Africa
200
True or False: most human adults around the world can digest the lactose in milk; a minority of people cannot digest lactose
False
300
Adaptation
What is a trait that improves an organism’s chance of survival in a given environment?
300
Example of Natural Selection
Long and short trunked elephants
When they could not reach food, short-trunk elephants died before reproducing
Long trunk elephants passed down their trait
300
Example of an Analogous Structure
What is a cat leg vs. praying mantis leg?
Both used for walking, similar outside appearance
Actual structure is very different, indicating different common ancestor
300
How does someone become lactase persistent?
A single nucleotide changes from a cytosine to a thymine in the genomic region that controls the expression of the lactase gene
300
What is glucose and galactose?
The 2 simple sugars found when the enzyme lactase breaks down the sugar lactose
400
Variation
What is the difference between traits in individuals of the same species?
400
True of False: Natural selection depends of the environment
True: Traits that are advantageous in one environment might be detrimental in another
400
Vestigial Structure
What is a structure that is non-functional or reduced in function?
400
True of False: Being lactase persistent is a mutation
True
400
What is Amylase?
The enzyme that breaks down starch, a type of sugar, into maltose
500
Fitness
What is the ability of an organism to survive and reproduce?
500
What is artificial selection?
A form of selective breeding
Humans pick desirable traits in plants/animals and ensure the traits are passed down
Does not wait for natural selection
Ex. Dog breeding
500
Embryology
What is the study of embryos and their environment
500
Is the ability to digest milk a survival advantage or not?
A survival advantage
500
What is the presence of lactose found?
When lactose is digested by lactase, the glucose that is produced enters the bloodstream from the small intestine.