Foundations of Evolution
Darwin studied these preserved remains of ancient organisms.
A) Adaptations
B) Fossils
C) Homologies
D) Vestigial structures
B. Fossils
These two levels of classification create a "scientific name". A) Kingdom and Phylum B) Domain and Kingdom C) Genus and Species D) Class and Order
C. Genus and species
Bat, butterfly, and bird wings, which all have similar functions but different structures, are examples of these. A) Homologous Structures B) Vestigial Structures C) Analogous Structures D) Speciation
C) Analogous Structures
Isolation where one skunk breeds in fall and another in spring. A) Gradualism B) Behavioral isolation C) Temporal Isolation D) Geographical isolation
C) Temporal Isolation
This is the primary source of new alleles (genetic variation) in a population. A) Selective breeding B) Meiosis (recombination) C) Mutation D) Mitosis
C. Mutation
Organisms that are multicellular, eukaryotic, autotrophic, with cellulose cell walls. A) Fungi B) Plantae C) Eubacteria D) Animalia
B. Plantae
Structures adapted for different functions but sharing a common ancestor. A) Homologous Structures B) Analogous Structures C) Vestigial Structures D) Single-gene Traits
A) Homologous Structures
Anole lizard populations are separated on different islands. A) Gradualism B) Behavioral isolation C) Temporal Isolation D) Geographical isolation
D) Geographical isolation
An inherited trait that increases an organism's ability to survive and reproduce. A) Selective pressure B) Homologous structure C) Adaptation D) Acquired characteristic
C. Adaptation
Key difference between Domain Eukarya and Domains Bacteria/Archaea. A) Eukarya have DNA, others lack it B) Eukarya are always multicellular C) Eukarya only reproduce sexually D) Eukarya contain a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles
D) Eukarya contain a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles
Comparing embryonic development to see if species pass through similar stages. A) The fossil record B) Comparative embryology C) Biogeography D) Comparative anatomy
B) Comparative embryology
Whales evolving over tens of millions of years through slow pressure. A) Gradualism B) Behavioral isolation C) Temporal Isolation D) Geographical isolation
A) Gradualism
This occurs when two populations no longer interbreed. A) Genetic equilibrium B) Speciation C) Stabilizing selection D) Artificial selection
B. Speciation
If two organisms share an Order, they must also share these: A) Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, and Class B) Family, Genus, and Species C) Phylum and Class only D) Only Genus and Species
A) Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, and Class
Structures that have lost most function due to selective pressures. A) Homologous Structures B) Analogous Structures C) Vestigial Structures D) Mutations
C) Vestigial Structures
What happens to the gray fur allele frequency in mice if hawks hunt only white fur mice? A) It will decrease B) It will increase C) It will stay the same D) It will disappear entirely
B) It will increase
The best definition of evolution in biological terms involves:
A) An individual changing its DNA during its lifetime.
B) Organisms choosing to adapt to their environment.
C) Change in heritable characteristics of a population over generations.
D) The strongest organisms always survive regardless of traits.
C. Change in heritable characteristics of a population over generations.
In a cladogram, what does a "node"—the point where two branches split away from each other—specifically represent?
A) The exact moment a species went extinct due to selective pressure. B) A shared habitat where two unrelated species evolved similar analogous structures. C) The most recent common ancestor shared by the different evolutionary lineages breaking off from that point. D) A point in time where an organism decided to acquire a new characteristic to survive.
C) The most recent common ancestor shared by the different evolutionary lineages breaking off from that point.
Why do very different species (shark/human) look similar as early embryos? A) They share a common ancestor B) They live in the same environment as adults C) To avoid predators in the womb/egg D) Their DNA is 100% identical
A) They share a common ancestor
Two plant species having identical ribosomal RNA sequences suggests: A) They are unrelated B) They live in different environments C) They share a very recent common ancestor D) One is a fossil of the other
C) They share a very recent common ancestor