Cladograms
A branching diagram that shows the relationships among organisms or groups of organisms
What is a cladogram?
The process by which organisms with traits that are most favorable in their environment are most likely to survive and pass on their traits to offspring
What is natural selection?
biochemistry, anatomical structures, fossils, embryos
What are the four types of evidence for evolution?
A change in the allele frequencies of a population as a result of chance events
What is genetic drift?
A heritable trait that increases an organism's chance of survival or reproduction
What is an adaptation?
Leopard and lancelet
Lamprey and gorilla
sharks and birds
tortoise and house cat
Which organisms are least related?
A scientific theory that explains how species develop from preexisting species or how populations change over time
What is evolution?
DNA and proteins
What is biochemical evidence for evolution?
When a large portion of the population is killed due to a catastrophe such as a hurricane.
What is the bottleneck effect?
cells
What is the basic structural units of living organisms?
Turtle and leopard
Which organisms are most related?
A group of organisms that share most characteristics and can interbreed to produce fertile offspring
What is a species?
fish, chicken, and human embryos
What is embryonic evidence for evolution?
When a few individuals colonize an island
What is the founder effect?
evolves, grows, reproduces, responds to stimuli, has cells, has DNA, uses energy, maintains homeostasis
What are the characteristics of all living organisms?
jaws
What is the trait that separates the ptuna from the lamprey?
the range of possibilities for a trait in a population
What is variation?
Body parts of different organisms that have a similar structure but may have different functions
What is a homologous structure?
Genetic drift is due to random chance whereas natural selection is not.
How is genetic drift different from natural selection?
Something that is unable to reproduce outside of host cells.
What is a virus?
Lancelet
What is an outgroup?
the producing of more offspring than the resources of the environment can support, a condition for natural selection to occur
What is overproduction of offspring?
A means of identifying the age of a fossil or rock by comparing it to other fossils or rocks
What is relative dating?
A very diverse kingdom that could be divided into several different kingdoms.
What is the kingdom Protista?