Evidence for Evolution
the process by which different kinds of living organisms are thought to have developed and diversified from earlier forms during the history of the earth.
What is evolution?
the process whereby organisms better adapted to their environment tend to survive and produce more offspring
What is natural selection?
Have no body symmetry
What are porifera?
Reproduce by non-motile gametes (seeds) which are found in cones
What are coniferophyta?
a method of classification of animals and plants according to the proportion of measurable characteristics that they have in common
What is cladistics?
The fossil record, homologous structures, and DNA evidence
What are evidences for evolution?
Mutations, meiosis, and sexual reproduction
What are the main mechanisms that produce genetic variation?
Have a notochord and a hollow, dorsal nerve tube
What are chordata?
Examples include ferns
What are filicinophyta?
a branch that includes a single common ancestor and all of its descendants
clade
the relative frequency of an allele (variant of a gene) at a particular locus in a population
What is allele frequency?
when germs like bacteria and fungi develop the ability to defeat the drugs designed to kill them
What is antibiotic resistance?
Have stinging tentacles and radial symmetry
What are cnidaria?
Has no ‘true’ leaves, roots or stems (are anchored by a root-like structure called a rhizoid)
What are Bryophyta?
the branching point on the tree and represents the presumed ancestor
node
the comparative study of the body structures of different species of animals
What is comparative anatomy?
more than the environment can support
How many offspring do species tend to produce?
Body composed of ringed segments with specialization of segments
What are Annelida?
Examples include all flowering plants and grasses
What are angiospermophyta?
a more distantly related group of organisms that serves as a reference group
What is an outgroup?
a fossil that exhibits characteristics of both ancestral and derived forms
What is a transitional fossil?
the diversification of a group of organisms into forms filling different ecological niches.
What is adaptive radiation?
Have a flattened body shape to increase SA:Vol ratio and may be parasitic
What are platylhelminthes?
Reproduce by releasing spores from sporangia (reproductive stalks)
What are bryophyta?
The initial ancestor common to all organisms within the cladogram
What is the root?