Fossils
What are fossils?
A trace of a living organism preserved over time.
What is a species? (A) Any animal (B) A group that can mate and produce fertile offspring (C) A single organism (D) A group that lives in the same place
(B) A group that can mate and produce fertile offspring
What is Heredity?
The passing of traits from parents to offspring.
A __________ is a trait that helps an organism survive in its environment
Adaptation
Two heterozygous purple flowers (Pp) are crossed. What percentage of offspring will have white flowers (pp)?
25%
You have 2 rocks layers A which is on top and B which is on the bottom. Which is older?
B is older because it needed to exist for layer A to form on top of it.
What is the most likely cause for finches on islands having different beaks than mainland finches? (A) Different predators (B) Different food sources (C) Cold weather (D) High flying
(B) Different food sources
What is natural selection?
The process where organisms with helpful traits survive and reproduce more successfully
An allele that only shows if the organism has 2 copies is called a _________________.
recessive allele
A plant has the genotype Tt for height, where T (tall) is dominant and t (short) is recessive. What will the plant look like?
Tall, because the dominant allele masks the recessive allele.
What is the Law of Superposition?
Younger rock layers are found on top of older rock layers
Why does evolution occur to a population and not individual species?
Because evolution is changes in inherited traits in a population over generations so its not possible for individuals to evolve.
A population of beetles lives on dark-colored tree bark. Some beetles are green, and some are brown. Birds easily see and eat the green beetles. Which beetles are more likely to survive and reproduce?
Brown beetles
_____________ occurs when there is no longer any living members of a species in existence.
Extiction
A blue parent fly and green parent fly have babies that are heterozygous. Predict the genotypes of the parents if the following genotypes are possible: BB, Bb, or bb (Blue is dominant and green is recessive).
BB for blue and bb for green
What is a trace fossil?
Evidence of an organism’s activity, such as footprints, burrows, or coprolites (fossilized feces).
What are homologous structures, and why do dolphin flippers and human arms have similar bone structures?
physical features in different species that share a similar underlying bone structure and embryonic origin. Dolphins and humans share a common ancestral lineage. The underlying skeletal blueprint was present in that ancestor.
What is the difference between a dominant allele and a recessive allele?
Dominant alleles express their trait even with only one copy present (heterozygous), while recessive alleles require two copies (homozygous) to be expressed
The theory that organisms well fitted to their environment will have offspring and pass on useful adaptations is called
Natural Selection
In pea plants, purple flowers (P) are dominant and white flowers (p) are recessive. A plant has the alleles Pp. What color flowers will this plant most likely have?
Purple
How can fish fossils be found on top of mountains?
The rock was originally at the bottom of an ocean and was pushed up by tectonic plate movement (continental drift).
A population of mice lives in a desert environment. Some mice are tan and some are dark gray. Hawks hunt the mice during the day. What will happen over many generations?
More mice will be tan because they are camouflaged in the desert.
Why is genetic variation important for natural selection to occur?
A population with high genetic variation is less likely to be entirely wiped out by a single disease or environmental change, as some individuals are likely to have resistant traits.
_____________ happens when humans intentionally alter the genetic makeup of plants and animals in effort to produce the best offspring.
Artificial selection
Make a Punnett Square for a homozygous dominant allele squirrel and a homozygous recessive allele squirrel. Hint: BB=Black, Bb=Black, bb= White
Parker will draw one on the board