What is evolution?
Evolution that is happening in the moment which creates the "wider perspective" of the second half of this term
What is microevolution?
In a phylogenetic tree, a common ancestor and it’s all descendants
What is a clade?
The ultimate source of genetic variation
What is a mutation?
Vampire bats have been known to partake in this behavior by regurgitating blood from their victims to share with members of their colony who didn’t have the chance to eat
What is altruism?
How often an allele occurs in a gene pool. Has a max frequency = 1
What is allele frequency?
Any consistent difference in fitness among different classes of biological entities
What is natural selection?
Contains all of the species descended from a most recent common ancestor of its members
What is a paraphyletic group?
Characteristic that enhances survival or reproduction of the organism that possesses it
What is an adaptation?
A behavior that is advantageous for individuals and the population but disadvantageous for the species and clade
What is selfing?
The variable representing the homozygous recessive allele frequency in H.W.E.
What is q2?
Darwin's book documenting his time in the Galapagos and his various studies and observations on a wide variety of species
What is On the Origin of Species?
Taxa derived from a common ancestral node. Located next to one another on the phylogenetic tree
What are sister taxa?
Atlantic cod are decreasing in size due to the increased fishing demand for larger cod
What is natural selection?
Sometime referred to as “jumping genes”. They can sometimes create or undo mutations and can even change their position within the genome
What are transposable elements?
The variable representing the heterozygous allele frequency in H.W.E.
What is 2pq?
A mathematical relationship derived by Thomas Robert Malthus explaining the linear nature of limited food production and the exponential nature of increasing population
What is Malthusian competition?
Establishes the basic structure for phylogenetic trees
What is an outgroup?
The measure of an organism’s reproductive success
What is fitness?
Altruism is favored by natural selection when rB > C
What is Hamilton’s rule?
An elephant gave birth to 5 calves during its lifetime
What is absolute fitness?
A theory that incorporates both Darwin’s and Mendel’s theories on Malthusian competition, variation, mutation, Mendelian inheritance etc.
What is Modern Synthesis?
The passing of one or more genes through routes other than parent to offspring
What is horizontal gene transfer?
Alleles that cause no change in fitness
What is a neutral allele?
A way in which meiosis can go awry; selfish genetic elements increase representation relative to rest of genome
What is “breaking bad”?
The relative proportions of genotypes in a population will not change when segregation is the only factor that changes genotype frequencies
What is H.W.E.?