Natural Selection 101
Which of the following is NOT a factor in natural selection?
a) Individuals of species compete with one another to survive
b) All species are genetically the same
c) Individuals better able to adapt to changes leave more offspring
B because all species are genetically diverse or different!
Thomas Malthus said two things may limit population. What are they?
Resources and Space
What does the fossil record show?
That present day species have a common ancestor
What is the word for a structure that has no function but is a remnant of an organism's past?
Vestigial
Camouflage and Mimicry are examples of what ______
adaptations, helps organism survive and reproduce
What happens to the population of individuals that are better able to adapt to their environment?
The will survive and produce fertile offspring
What was the name of Lamarck's theory?
Use and Disuse
The extinct whale had hind limb bones, but the present-day whale has pelvic bones. What does this mean in terms of evolution?
Whales evolved from animals with four limbs
True or False: People came from monkeys a long time ago.
False, people have a common ancestor with monkeys
List three factors of evolution
genetic variation/mutations
environmental disasters
Phenotype and Population
Define gradualism, what is the opposite?
DOUBLE JEOPARDY!
changes occurring over a long period of time; punctuated equilibrium
Define permineralization
when water and minerals fill the spaces of an organisms tissues and then dry out
Define homologous structures!
Structures that share a common ancestry and similar structure, but varying functions
Why would a bunny's fur be brown in the summer? What color would it be in the winter?
DOUBLE JEOPARDY
The bunny can camouflage into it's environment depending on the season; white
Natural selection decides which mutations will live on and which ones will die out. What are some causes of mutations?
UV light, X-rays, smoking
What is a product of divergence?
speciation
Draw a phylogenetic tree on the white board. Label an outgroup and sister taxon.
Refer to phylogenetic tree worksheet
Human's have the least number of differences in proteins with which of the following?
A) Chimpanzees
B) Rat
C) Chicken
D) Horse
A) Chimpanzees
Write out the difference between macroevolution and microevolution with an example of each.
Microevolution is the process by which organisms change in small ways over time. Macroevolution refers to larger evolutionary changes that result in new species
What is the phrase that describes individuals who survive are the ones best adapted to their environment?
Survival of the fittest
The differences between species or populations is ______
Divergence
What is the percent change in mass of an organism with a final mass of 100 g and initial mass of 10 g. Show your work!
(100 g-10g)/ (10g) x 100 = 900 %
Recall the station activity of Darwin's finches. Why did the finches on different islands have different beaks?
Their food sources were different
selective-breeding