Wild card
The term that describes how well a specific phenotype of an individual can survive and reproduce.
What is evolutionary fitness.
Same structure, different function
What is homologous structure.
The only mechanism of evolution that introduces genetic variation (creates new alleles).
What is mutation.
Type of selection caused by humans.
What is artificial selection.
In order, the 3 steps of speciation.
What is isolation, divergence, reproductive isolation.
Fossils that show intermediary links between groups of organisms
What is transitional fossils.
What is analogous structure.
Type of natural selection that favours both extremes over the intermediate.
What is disruptive selection.
This type of growing practice in farming produces higher crop yields and is easier to manage, but it uses more pesticides and decreases genetic diversity.
What is monoculture.
Instead of being split by a barrier like a river or mountain, species diverge due to behavioural, ecological, or genetic differences while still living in the same place.
What is sympatric speciation.
A structure that is reduced in size and function but was functional in an ancestor.
What is vestigial structure.
More differences in this type of evidence of evolution tell us more evolutionary time has passed since species split.
What is DNA.
A random population change that makes certain alleles pass down from one generation to the next due to chance.
What is genetic drift.
Preserves genetic information of organisms
Helps conserve biodiversity
Can reduce risk of extinction
What is gene banks.
Type of pre-zygotic isolation mechanism that describes living in the same geographic area but in different habitats.
What is habitat isolation.
A form of allopatric speciation where a common ancestral species evolves into differently adapted species.
What is adaptive radiation.
Animals geographically close to each other, but in different types of environments, are more likely to be closely related than animals far from each other, but similar environments.
What is biogeography.
Environmental factors that influence which phenotypes are advantageous for survival and reproduction in a population
What is selective pressures.
This animal was intentionally overhunted by settlers to control Indigenous Peoples.
What is bison (buffalo is also acceptable).
2 requirements to be considered the same species.
What is 1) ability to successfully mate and 2) produce fertile offspring.
The type of evolution where species share a common ancestor but evolve to be different because of different selective pressures.
What is divergent evolution.
Transitional fossils demonstrate this type of evolution.
Hint: think about the speed of change.
What is phyletic gradualism.
The type of genetic drift that would be caused by a new pesticide killing off the majority of a species.
What is bottleneck effect.
Melting/loss of sea ice results in habitat ____________, increasing the potential for inbreeding of polar bears.
What is fragmentation.
Type of reproductive barrier where two different species successfully mate, but their offspring cannot reproduce.
What is hybrid infertility.