Principles of Natural Selection
A feature that allows an organism to better survive in its environment
What is Adaptation?
The movement of genes into/out of a population which occurs during migration.
What is Gene Flow?
This pattern is characterized by slow constant changes over time.
What is Gradualism?
Transitional fossils link ancestral species to their descendants. This is an example of evidence from what field of study?
What is Paleontology?
This refers to the evolutionary history of a species.
What is Phylogeny
An example of this principle would be Clown Fish laying 500-1,000 eggs, but only 1-2 of those eggs survive
What is Overproduction of Offspring?
The ultimate source of variation and means any change in a DNA sequence
What is a mutation?
This must occur for speciation to take place.
What is isolation?
Evidence from this field shows that the distribution of organisms lines up with what has been discovered about continental drift and Pangea.
What is Biogeography?
This is the 2-name naming system consisting of Genus and species
What is Binomial Nomenclature?
Evolution does not occur in individuals, but occurs in this instead.
What are Populations?
This trend often results in a loss of genetic variation and may be more apparent in small populations
What is Genetic Drift?
Sharks and dolphins sharing features like dorsal fins and "torpedo" shaped bodies are an example of this pattern.
What is Convergent Evolution?
Similarities in the embryos of vertebrates early in development suggests this among vertebrates
What is Common Ancestry?
Phylogenetic trees classify groups of species in the order in which they descended from a common ancestor using this feature.
What are Homologous Features?
Genetic recombination is a source of this principle
What is Variation?
May result in the selection of traits that aren’t necessarily good for survival fitness
What is Sexual Selection? or What is Non-random Mating?
Occurs when two populations evolve in response to each other.
What is Coevolution
Vestigial structures could be leftover from an ancestor that had used the structure, and thus could provide evidence of this pattern of evolution.
What is Divergent Evolution?
This theory suggests that one prokaryote ended up inside of another and over time, coevolution of the two prokaryotes occurred, which eventually led to speciation and the 1st eukaryotes
What is Endosymbiosis?
You must answer both parts correctly to receive the points:
Descent with modification leads to a change in this over time.
This type of trait will become more common over time.
What is gene frequency? and What are beneficial traits?
Genetic equilibrium will only occur if these five conditions are met.
What is large population, random mating, no migration, no mutations, and no natural selection
Once endemic to North America but now extinct, this duck species shared its name with a well-known retriever dog breed.
What is the Labrador Duck?
Biochemistry allows us to analyze the DNA and proteins in different species to compare similarities. We frequently look at these segments of DNA which can be referred to as the vestigial structures of DNA.
What are Nonfunctional Genes?
We can learn these three things from a phylogenetic tree.
What are the most closely related groups, the least closely related groups, and the first groups to diverge.