Evolution History
The Theory of Endosymbiosis states that these organisms evolved into eukaryotic organisms through patterns of coevolution
What are bacteria (prokaryotes)?
What is increases?
Cell Wall made of cellulose
Autotrophic
Reproduces sexually (typically) or asexually
What is a plant?
This massive landmass was split through plate tectonics; however, fossil evidence supports evolution through biogeography because this land mass once existed
What is Pangaea?
These structures provide environmental advantages, increasing an organism's fitness; examples could include camouflages and mimicry
What are adaptations?
What are chloroplasts and mitochondria?
Divergent evolution, such as patterns seen in speciation where organisms get more different over time, can be supported with these structures.
What are homologous structures?
Advanced organ systems
Heterotrophic
Humans belong to this Kingdom of life
What are animals?
These structures were once used by living organisms, but because environments have changed, they no longer have a need for these -- examples include the human appendix and whale hip-bones
What are vestigial structures?
This type of selection occurs when two opposite phenotypes are chosen; the intermediate phenotype occurs seldom in the population
What is disruptive selection?
All cells contain cell membranes, cytoplasm, and THIS organelle, whose function is to create proteins
What are ribosomes?
Evolution can occur at two rates. Gradualism, the first, means evolution happens slowly overtime. The second, called this, means that evolution happens in spurts, with large amounts of evolution being observed immediately after extinction-level events
What is punctuated equilibrium?
Reproduces with spores
Decomposers
Cell wall made of chitin
What are fungi?
Updated evolution theory is supported by biochemistry, rather than physical appearances of organisms. What monomers of nucleic acids can be compared between organisms to support the theory of evolution?
What are nucleotides?
This mode of natural selection occurs when ONE extreme phenotype is chosen
What is directional selection?
This law states that fossils buried deeper in the ground are older than fossils buried closer to the surface
What is the Law of Superposition?
Speciation occurs when new species form. Geographic barriers can drive speciation when organisms are separated and evolve to become different over time. This type of speciation is known by this term
What is allopatric speciation?
Extremophiles
Cell walls that DO NOT contain peptidoglycan
Prokaryotic
What are archaebacteria?
These structures originated from very different ancestors but have become more and more alike overtime due to similar environments
What are analogous structures?
Bottleneck effect and founder effect are types of this mechanism of evolution
What is genetic drift?
This type of evolution was observed with Darwin's finches; it is believed to occur when new niches open up, often after mass extinction-level events
What is adaptive radiation?
This pattern of evolution can be described as "rapid divergent evolution" due to the quick specialization and speciation that occurs when new niches open in environments
What is adaptive radiation?
Cell wall made of peptidoglycan
Prokaryotic
What are eubacteria?
This is the one of the most studied homologous structures in biology, indicating a common ancestor between mammals
What is the pentadactyl limb?
Double Jeopardy:
Genetic variation accounts for some bacteria being resistant to antibiotics while other bacteria are not. This type of genetic anomaly contributes to genetic variation in asexually reproducing organisms like bacteria.
What are mutations?