Evolution
Simply put, the definition of evolution can best be described as
the process by which populations of living things change over successive generations.
Darwin's definition of natural selection
Organisms that are more adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and pass on the genes that aided their success. This process causes species to change and diverge over time.
1.
Fossils
Structures
Embryo Development
Biochemical Evidence
Adaptations are
Characteristics of organisms that enhance their survival and reproduction; the heritable change in characteristics within a population from one generation to the next
The earliest common ancestors of humans, great apes, primates, and monkeys are
Darwin or Lamarck or Both: Organisms could decide to change something about their body and pass on that change to their offspring
Lamarck
True or False: According to Darwin, organism produce less offspring than can survive
False, organisms produce more offspring than can survive
living things have changed over time
Variation is
The appearance of an inherited trait that makes the individual different from other members of the same species
The modern human pelvis is wider or narrower than the chimpanzee pelvis
Darwin or Lamarck or Both: There is variation in a population
Darwin
True or False: According to Darwin, individuals of a single population living in one place cannot express numerous variations
False, numerous variations are found among individuals of a species.
The fins of Sharks, wings of penguins, and flipper of dolphins all share this kind of structure
Analogous structures - biological features in different, unrelated species that perform the same or similar functions but evolved independently
Finches
The hominid that might be the "missing link" between great apes/primates and humans
"Lucy" or Australopithecus afarensis
Darwin or Lamarck or Both: The environment has something to do with why organisms change
Darwin
True or False: According to Darwin, only the variations with the fittest DNA are passed onto the offspring
True: some variations enable members of a population to survive better than others (pass on their DNA when they reproduce)
True or false: Human embryos contain gill slits
Slow, steady, continuous
Takes tens to hundreds of millions of years
Intermediate forms exist
Supported by the fossil record
The relationship between human brain/skull size and human jaw/teeth size
As humans evolved, our brains/skulls became larger and our jaws/teeth became smaller
Darwin or Lamarck or Both: Parents are able to pass at least some of their traits on to their offspring
Both
True or False: According to Darwin, if an individual dies before it is able to reproduce, its genetic material will not be passed down to the next generation
True: as a result, the individuals with helpful variations will eventually be more prevalent in the population
Having more amino acids in common with other organisms means...
Those organisms are closely related than others
This species of human branched off from Neanderthals and their remains were the first to be identified by DNA sequencing alone
Denisova hominins