Evolution
a trait that helps an organism survive and reproduce
What is an adaptation?
The survival and reproduction of the organisms that are genetically best fit for their environment
What is Natural Selection?
In natural selection, this is the agent that "selects" for or against traits of an organism
What is the environment?
The hip bones of a dolphin and the tailbone of a human are an example of a ...
What are Vestigial Structures?
A trait that show up more easily than other traits. For example: There are more brown haired people vs. red hair.
What is a dominant trait?
What is the fight between individuals for limited resources called?
What is competition
What is found in every cell and a gives an organism its adaptations?
What is DNA?
What do we call similar body parts on dissimilar organisms that can be evidence for a common ancestor?
What are homologous structures?
The first set of organisms had the following traits: a cell, DNA, needed energy, homeostasis and could...
members of a group that can freely intrebreed and produce fertile offspring
what is a species?
What is the term for when 2 species adapt and become different from each other and they can no longer produce fertile offspring
What is speciation?
Why is the theory that giraffes grew long necks from stretching wrong based on information about adaptations?
Because you are born with adaptation, you don't get them.
Where do we find evidence for what extinct organisms looked like?
What is in the fossils?
The ultimate source for variation in a population
What is a random mutation?
Evolution, through any series of events, can ONLY occur if THIS "ingredient" exists in the population
what is genetic diversity/variation
Ingredients needed for evolution through natural selection: variation, inheritance and
What is reproductive advantage?
The combined alleles of all organisms in a population
Look at the cladogram picture...what trait does the ______ have?
None of those traits
These are the 3 main types of mutations
what is substitution, insertion and deletion?
If two different organisms are alike, they must share this in their evolutionary history
What is a Common Ancestor?
The movement of genes into or out of a population
What is gene flow?
What is survival of the fittest?
By looking at the genes of some animals we can determine what?
Which living species are most closely related to each other.
Random events that lead to a BIG decrease in the population
What is genetic drift/bottleneck effect?