Show:
The Theory of Evolution (Ch15)
Evidence of Evolution (Ch15)
Evolution of Populations (Ch16)
Past Life Forms (Ch17)
Patterns of Evolution (Ch17)
100
Define: Biological Evolution
The change in populations of organisms over generations (change over time)
100
State: What type of evidence for evolution is demonstrated in this picture? (Picture 1)
Homologous structures
100
What is a gene pool?
All of the genes (including all of the alleles) contained within a population
100
List at least one way scientists date fossils
Radiometric Dating Relative dating Counting growth rings in fossilized bones
100
Ants are the correct size and weight needed to open the flowers for the peony plant. The peont plant provides food for the ant, and the ant fertilizes the peony's flowers convergent evolution, adaptive radiation, or coevolution?
coevolution (co- means "both") they evolve together and rely on each other
200
What is a theory?
A theory is a well-supported, testable explanation of the events that have occurred in the natural world
200
Ostriches and emus are two birds who both have wings. However, the wings are NOT used for flying. What do we call these unused structures?
Vestigial structures/organs
200
If the allele frequency of a population changes over long periods of time, what does this mean? (Like in our Breeding Bunnies lab)
Indicates that there is a change in the allele frequency~ Evolution Is Occurring
200
Scientists who study fossils are called…
Paleontologists
200
horse evolution shows long stable periods of little evolution interrupted by brief periods of rapid change Gradualism or punctuated equilibrium?
punctuated equilibrium
300
Describe one of the 5 aspects of Natural Selection.
-Natural Variation -Struggle for Existence -Only some individuals survive and reproduce (overproduction of offspring) -Survival of the Fittest -Descent with Modification (genetic change)
300
In the Biochemical Evidence of Evolution Lab, the human amino acid sequence for the cytochrome C protein was most similar to which other species?
the rhesus monkey
300
Give an example of geographical isolation
Geographical Isolation- physical separation of members in a population Ex: a deep canyon could develop, a river could change course
300
Describe how fossils are formed
Small rock particles (sediment) carried by wind, rivers, etc. are deposited on dead organisms. The weight of many layers of sediment compresses it, causing a chemical reaction to form rock. If conditions are right, the remains can be preserved for many years
300
a KIT FOX lives in the desert and has large ears with greater surface area that keep the fox from getting overheated. The RED FOX lives in the forest and has a red coat that keeps it camoflauged. convergent evolution, adaptive radiation, or coevolution?
adaptive radiation (related species evolve to become more DIFFERENT)
400
Describe Lamarck's theory of Acquired Traits
Lamarck: Acquired Traits are ones that are NOT determined by genes; instead they arise during an organism’s lifetime as a result of the organisms experience or behavior
400
What type of evidence is demonstrated here: What conclusion can be made about this picture? (Picture 2)
Similarities in Embryology indicate which species are more similar and probably share a more recent common ancestor.
400
How can reproductive isolation lead to speciation (forming a new species)?
When segments of a population become reproductively isolated, each segment adapts to its own environment and begins to change (through natural selection) in ways different from one another to the point that they are no longer able to reproduce with one another
400
An earthquake caused the ground to crack and slip as shown. Which is oldest, fossils in layer 3 or layer 9? (picture 3)
layer 3 and layer 10 fossils are the oldest
400
whales, sharks, and penguins all have streamlined bodies and fins/flippers for moving in water even though they belong in different classes of animals (mammals, fish, and birds) convergent evolution, adaptive radiation, or coevolution?
convergent evolution (unrelated organisms becoming MORE SIMILAR because they live in a similar environment)
500
Describe the evolution of the Peppered Moth of England by natural selection as a result of the Industrial Revolution
Answers will vary: Originally, the vast majority of peppered moths had light colouration, which effectively camouflaged them against the light-coloured trees and lichens which they rested upon. However, because of widespread pollution during the Industrial Revolution in England, many of the lichens died out, and the trees that peppered moths rested on became blackened by soot, causing most of the light-coloured moths, or typica, to die off from predation. At the same time, the dark-coloured, or melanic, moths, carbonaria, flourished because of their ability to hide on the darkened trees.
500
List the trick for remembering the 4 types of evidence of evolution and then list each type as well
High Five Every Day! -Homologous Structures -Fossil Evidence -Embryological Similarities -DNA Similarities
500
What effect can genetic drift have on a population?
In SMALL populations, individuals that carry a particular allele may leave more descendants than other individuals just by chance. Over time, a series of chance occurrences of this type can cause an allele to become common in a population.
500
Several major groups of life forms went extinct. What typically occurs following a mass extinction?
A burst of evolution typically occurs after a mass extinction because new habitats become opened and provide new opportunities for surviving species. Example- After the Mesozoic Era mass extinction which resulted in the extinction of the dinosaurs, the Cenozoic era saw a great number of new mammal species and is called “The Age of Mammals”
500
Darwin believed evolution occurred in this way: a slow adn steady change that led to new species. What is this called?
Gradualism