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Natural Selection
Types of selection
Taxonomy and Cladograms
Classification
Evidence for Evolution
100
What is natural selection
Survival of the fittest
100
What is stabilizing selection?
Natural selection that selects for the average, or middle trait
100
What defines kingdom animalia
Eukaryotic, multicellular, heterotrophic
100
The scientific name for the cougar is Puma concolor. Which of the following organisms is most closely related to the cougar? A. Corythaixoides concolor B. Lynx rufus C. Panthera tigris D. Puma yagouaroundi
D - same genus
100
List three types of evidence for evolution
Fossil, comparative anatomy, DNA, embryology, and biogeography
200
What is evolution
A change in the genetic makeup of a population over time
200
Look at the graphs on the board - which one describes this population: A group of moths lives on white birch trees. As the industrial revolution takes place, the trees become black. The new moth population has more black moths than white moths after several generations
Directional selection towards black moths
200
Look at the cladogram - which two species are most related, sharks and bony fish or sharks and salamanders and why?
Sharks and bony fish because they are close together on the cladogram - NOT because they look alike necessarily
200
A scientist observes two butterflies with similar wing patterns. Which of the following observations would best show that the two butterflies belong to the same species? A. The butterflies share a habitat. B.The butterflies pollinate the same flowers. C.The butterflies mate with each other and produce fertile offspring. D. The butterflies make a chrysalis and not a cocoon for metamorphosis.
C - organisms that can mate are the same species
200
What type of evidence is the most reliable for evolution?
DNA evidence
300
How does natural selection drive evolution?
Only the fittest organisms survive and so they reproduce and pass on their adaptations. Future generations have genetics and look for similar to the organisms that survived
300
Which of the following situations will most likely lead to disruptive natural selection? A. the introduction of a competing insect species that has a light body color B. the preference of female beetles to mate with only dark-colored male beetles C. the outbreak of plant diseases that either produce dark spots on leaves or cause leaves to lose their color D. the removal of almost all the vegetation from the habitat, exposing the light-colored soil underneath the vegetation
C - disruptive selection favors both extreme traits
300
Which of the following observations best supports the conclusion that dolphins and sharks do not have a recent common ancestor? A. Dolphins form social groups, but sharks are solitary. B.Dolphins hunt during the day, but sharks are nocturnal. C.The number of dolphin species is far less than the number of shark species. D.The jawbone structure in dolphins is very different from the jawbone structure in sharks.
D - anatomy is good evidence for deciding how related two species are
300
Sperm whales have vestigial hip bones, and a small percentage of sperm whales also have vestigial hind limbs. Why do you think sperm whales have these structures?
Whales evolved from four legged animals and have remnants of the structures still
400
In a population of walking sticks, there are striped walking sticks and plain walking sticks. The striped walking sticks blend in the trees better. If a predator moves into the area, explain how natural selection will take place **Use, adaptation, survive and reproduce in your answer
The striped walking sticks have an adaptation, which is their color. They blend in better with the trees and can hide from predators, so they survive and reproduce
400
A species of ivy invades the beetles’ current habitat and becomes the dominant form of vegetation. The color of the ivy’s leaves is similar to the beetles’ average color. Considering selective pressure on the beetles from predatory birds, which type of natural selection will most likely occur in this situation? Draw the graph on the board
Stabalizing
400
Which of the following statements is correct about the hierarchy of the taxonomic system currently used to classify organisms? A. All organisms of a given order belong to the same species. B. Many different classes of organisms belong to the same order. C. All organisms of a given phylum belong to the same kingdom. D. Many different families of organisms belong to the same genus.
C - Kingdom, phylum, class, order, genus, species
400
Turtles are classified in the order Testudines. Some turtles are aquatic and others are terrestrial. Aquatic turtles have webbed feet and short claws, but terrestrial turtles do not. Which of the following statements best explains why aquatic turtles and terrestrial turtles are classified in the same order but have such different feet? A. Aquatic turtles evolved from fish, and terrestrial turtles evolved from reptiles. B. Aquatic turtles and terrestrial turtles have similar body plans, but they grow at different rates. C. Aquatic turtles interbred with different species, and terrestrial turtles bred only within their own species. D. Aquatic turtles and terrestrial turtles evolved from a common ancestor, but they have adapted to different environments.
D
400
Penguins are powerful swimmers. Scientists have concluded that penguins evolved adaptations for powerful swimming early in their evolutionary history. What kind of evidence helps scientists compare anatomy in ancestors to modern species?
fossil record
500
In a certain insect species, body color varies from very light gray to very dark gray. These insects are eaten by birds that find their prey by sight. A brush fire occurs, blackening the ground where one population of this insect species lives. What will happen to the population over the next few years?
Dark insects will become more common because the ground is dark and they can camouflage better
500
Turtles with large shell height can lift their heads higher to eat vegetation further off the ground. Over time, directional selection favors high shell height. Which of the following selection pressures most likely produced the shift in frequency shown on the graph? A. lack of vegetation at ground level B. dry, hot weather conditions for several years C. habitat changes that forced nesting sites farther inland D. intense competition with other species of tortoises with high shells
A
500
Until recently, the myrtle warbler and the Audubon’s warbler were thought to be separate species of birds because the males have very different appearances. Which of the following observations most likely led to the reclassification of these warblers as one species? A. The myrtle warbler and the Audubon’s warbler have the same diet. B. The myrtle warbler and the Audubon’s warbler lay the same number of eggs. C. The myrtle warbler and the Audubon’s warbler have overlapping geographical ranges. D. The myrtle warbler and the Audubon’s warbler interbreed and produce fertile offspring.
D - only the same species can mate to produce fertile offspring
500
Describe two types of evidence, other than mating and producing fertile offspring, that scientists can use to determine taxonomic classification and relationships among insects. Explain how each type of evidence is used.
DNA, physical characteristics, sometimes habitat or behavior
500
Scientific evidence shows that modern dogs, wolves, and foxes all have a common ancestor. Further evidence shows that dogs are more closely related to wolves than to foxes. Which of the following observations provides the best evidence that dogs are more closely related to wolves than to foxes? A. The diets of dogs and wolves are more similar than the diets of dogs and foxes. B. The lifespans of dogs and wolves are more similar than the lifespans of dogs and foxes. C. The genetic sequences of dogs and wolves are more similar than the genetic sequences of dogs and foxes. D. The body sizes of dogs and wolves are more similar than the body sizes of dogs and foxes.
C