NATURAL SELECTION
What process causes organisms with helpful traits to survive and reproduce more successfully?
natural selection
What is Evolution?
Change in a population over time
What would we call this type of behavior that involves living and interacting with groups? ( ex. Flocking, schooling, herding)
Social Behavior
What is inheritance?
The pattern through which genes are passed from parent to offspring
What diagram is used to show evolutionary relationships among organisms?
Phylogenetic tree or Cladogram
In a stick bug experiment, where bugs who have traits which match their background are able to evade predation. The green colored bugs are able to hid from predators when the trees have their leaves, which color bug would became more common when trees lost their leaves?
A dark bug, brown/black to match the bark of the trees
Birds have evolved to have many different shapes of beaks because they have adapted to fill different____.
Ecological niches or food sources
Sea lions changed their feeding habits in response to changing prey populations. This is an example of what type of adaptation?
Behavioral Adaptation
What is an environmental pressure that can affect which organisms survive? Provide an example.
Selective pressure
(Examples: predators, climate change, disease, competition)
Organisms that are closer together on a phylogenetic tree are generally more what?
Closely Related
What type of pressure cause changes in prey populations?
Environmental pressure ( predation)
What kind of evidence best shows evolutionary relationships between organisms?
DNA/genome comparison
What happens to animals that cannot adapt to environmental changes over time?
They may die out or go extinct
Why do environmental pressures lead to evolution over many generations?
organisms with beneficial traits survive and reproduce more successfully, passing those traits on
Is structural evidence enough to know that two species are related? Explain your answer.
No, a mixture of both structural and molecular evidence must be used to support the relationship of two or more species
What must exist in a population before natural selection can occur?
Genetic Variation
The platypus and the wallaby are closely related because they share a recent_____.
Common ancestor
Animals competing for the same food source are showing this ecological interaction.
Competition
True or false, climate change can cause organisms to adapt by changing their diet/feeding behaviors?
True
Similar body structures inherited from a common ancestor are called these.
Homologous Structures
Coined by Charles Darwin, this two-word biological term describes an organism's success in passing on its genes, and is measured not by physical strength, but by the number of offspring that survive to reproduce.
Natural Selection (Survival of the Fittest)
When one species rapidly evolves into many species adapted to different environments, it is called this.
Adaptive Radiation
Why might social behavior help organisms survive environmental changes?
They can work together to find food and increase protection
Explain how environmental changes can lead to changes in allele frequencies over generations.
Environmental pressures favor organisms with helpful traits (adaptations), allowing them to survive and reproduce more, increasing those alleles in the population
Why is physical appearance alone not always reliable for determining evolutionary relationships? provide an example.
Unrelated organisms can evolve similar traits independently (analogous structures).