Location where Charles Darwin conducted most of his well-known work
What is the Galapagos?
A group of individuals of the same species that live in the same area and interbreed to produce fertile offspring
What is a population?
The distribution of animals and plants geographically
What is biogeography?
A lineage that is the least closely related to the rest of the organisms
What is an outgroup?
Dogs PEE to mark their DOMINANCE.
What is a way to remember that p represents the dominant allele frequency in Hardy-Weinberg problems?
A process in which individuals that have certain traits tend to survive and reproduce at higher rates than other individuals because of those traits.
What is natural selection?
When floods, famine, fires, hurricanes, hunting, etc. result in some alleles becoming overrepresented, underrepresented, or absent.
What is the bottleneck effect?
How fossils are dated.
What is carbon-14 decay?
The most accurate source of data to use when constructing a cladogram.
What is DNA?
Darwin proposed the idea of this 3 word theory, which now is our modern definition of evolution.
What is descent with modification?
An organism’s ability to survive and reproduce
What is fitness?
When there is only one allele present for a particular locus in the population, thus decreasing genetic diversity.
What is a fixed allele?
Structures that are conserved even though they no longer have a use
What are vestigial structures?
This part of a cladogram represents a common ancestor.
What is a node?
Bottleneck effect and founder effect are examples of this.
What is genetic drift?
True or false: Individuals evolve.
False: populations evolve
The movement of genes from one population to another population
What is gene flow?
The arm bones of many species (such as humans and whales) is an example of this.
What is a homologous structure?
What is the root?
A type of model in which the average phenotype is selected against. Both phenotypic extremes have the highest fitness
What is disruptive selection?
A way to select for traits that are most desirable for humans.
What is artificial selection?
No mutations, random mating, no natural selection, extremely large population size, no gene flow.
What are the five conditions that must be met in Hardy Weinberg equilibrium?
Species that share a common ancestor become more distinct due to different selection pressures.
What is divergent evolution?
Two clades that emerge from the same node
What is a sister taxa?
Shark fins, penguin wings, and dolphin flippers are an example of this.
What is an analogous structure?