Genetics in Evolution
mistakes in DNA Replication or
mutagens (radiation,
chemicals, etc.)
what is random mutation
ordered division of
organisms into categories based on
a set of characteristics used to
assess similarities & differences.
what is taxonomy
each species has descended, with slight changes, from
a common ancestor over time.
structures serve the same
function but are NOT inherited
from a common ancestor & are
constructed differently.
what are analogous structures
the primary mechanism of biological evolution
what is natural selection
A population of birds with various size beaks eats seeds. Small seeds can be eaten by birds with small beaks. Larger, thicker seeds can only be eaten by birds with larger, thicker beaks. During a drought, only large thick seeds exist so only the large, thick-beaked birds survive
The graphical representation of the hypothetical relationship
what is a cladogram
The world is not constant nor recently created nor perpetually cycling but rather is steadily changing and that organisms are transformed in time.
what is evolution as such
Structural & developmental similarities in embryos
of different vertebrate species provides evidence of common ancestry.
what is Comparative Embryology
the diversification of species into separate forms that each adapt to occupy a specific environmental niche
what is adaptive radiation
the random change in allele frequencies that occurs in small populations.
What is genetic drift
the three domains of life
what are Bacteria, Eukarya, and Archaea
species experience changes in characteristics slowly and incrementally.
what is gradualism
experimental simulation conducted in 1953 that attempted to replicate the conditions of Earth’s early atmosphere and oceans to test whether organic molecules could be created abiogenically, that is, formed from chemical reactions occurring between inorganic molecules thought to be present at the time
what is the Miller-Urey experiment
Natural Selection can effect the relative fitness of polygenic phenotypes is 3 ways
what is stabilizing, directional, and disruptive selection
when the original population undergoes a devastating population reduction (i.e. by natural disaster) and the allele frequencies are changed as a result.
what is the bottleneck effect
A taxon that is the most distantly related group of animals that isn’t necessarily a clade.
what is an outgroup
What is the most important element, or KEY for life that first allowed evolution to begin?
what is water
Organs/structures that no longer serve a function.
what are vestigial structures
the separation of a group of organisms by a geographic barrier, resulting in differentiation of the original group into new varieties or species
what is allopatric speciation
A change in allele frequencies as a result of this migration of a small subgroup of a population
What is the founder effect
The groupings within a taxonomic chart
what is kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species
The first step in natural selection
overproduction
Absence of oxygen in earth, made the atmosphere reducing. But it later became oxidizing in nature due to the emergence of this being
what is cyanobacteria
Crossing-over of homologous chromosomes (meiosis)
Independent Assortment of Chromosomes (meiosis)
Random Fertilization
What are adaptation events specific to sexual reproduction