General Evolution Knowledge and History
What is the scientific term used for an educated guess that is falsifiable (able to be proven wrong)?
A hypothesis
When evolutionary change occurs slowly over time, and transitional species are evident in the fossil record, this rate of change is known as...
Gradualism
What is the difference between permineralization and replacement?
Both involve the filling of organic material with minerals. Permineralization is a partial replacement or the organic material (bone, shell, etc) while replacement is when there is no remaining organic material from the organism.
What does the following equation calculate?
p + q= 1
Allele frequencies
What are the two types of speciation?
Allopatric and Sympatric
What scientist came up with the Theory of Evolution?
Charles Darwin
What is the difference between microevolution and macroevolution?
Microevolution refers to the change in allele frequencies within a population over time. Macroevolution refers to the large-scale, long-term changes of multiple populations over time and involves speciation.
What is the name for a structure that is present in a species but is no longer functional (only leftover from the species' evolutionary history)
A vestigial structure
There are 250 homozygous recessive individuals in a population of 1000. Calculate q
0.5
What is the name of the curve that the three modes of natural selection acts on?
Normal curve/normal distribution
What scientist believed in acquired inheritance?
Jean-Baptiste Lamarck
What is a transitional species?
A fossil that shows an intermediate state between one ancestral species and another of its later descendants
Humans are known to choose desirable traits from a population and only breed those individuals to influence the traits of the next generation (ex., corn, dog breeds, chickens, fancy pigeons). This form of evidence is known as...
Artificial Selection
60% of all gene variants in a population of butterflies are dominant for wing colour. Calculate the percent of heterozygous individuals in the population
48%
What are the three modes of natural selection
Directional, disruptive and stabilizing
Is evolution a law, theory, fact or hypothesis? More than one answer may be correct.
It is both a theory and a fact
When two species that share a distant common ancestor develop similar features because they share similar niches, this is known as ________________ evolution and these similar structures derived from a separate origin are called __________________ structures.
convergent; analagous
What form of evidence is used to compare nucleic acid sequences of different species to determine how closely related they are?
Biochemical Analysis
There are 500 ladybugs, 400 of which are dark red, and the rest are light red. Dark colouration is a dominant trait. Calculate the NUMBER of homozygous dominant individuals in the population (round to the nearest whole number)
153 homozygous dominant ladybugs
Two species are able to mate but cannot form a zygote. What reproductive barrier is this? Pre-zygotic or post-zygotic
Gametic : Pre-zygotic
What ship did Charles Darwin sail out on during his 5-year journey?
The HMS Beagle
When two species share a recent common ancestor and evolve in similar ways due to similar selective pressures, this is known as ________________ evolution. Each would have similar structures derived from a recent common ancestor known as _____________________ structures
Parallel; homologous
What method of fossil dating calculates the ratio of element isotopes in the fossil
Radioactive Decay/ Radioactive Carbon 14 Dating (calculates how many Carbon 14 isotopes there are)
What are the five requirements for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?
- Large Population
- No Mutation
-No Gene Flow/Migration
-No Natural Selection
-Random Mating
Two species are able to mate, but the offspring do not live long enough to reproduce. What reproductive barrier is this? Is it pre- or post-zygotic
Post-zygotic: Hybrid inviability